Trap Assays of the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Reveal an Effective Semiochemical Repellent Combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson P. Audley ◽  
Richard M. Bostock ◽  
Steven J. Seybold
Keyword(s):  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle

scholarly journals Dispersal and colonization risk of the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, in southern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Marchioro ◽  
Massimo Faccoli
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Data ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geosmithia Morbida ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe Walnut Twig Beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a small bark beetle native to Mexico and Southwestern USA recorded for the first time in Europe (NE Italy) in 2013. WTB attacks walnut (Juglans spp.) and wingnut trees (Pterocarya spp.) and is the vector of Geosmithia morbida Kolarík et al., a pathogen causing the thousand cankers disease (TCD). WTB and TCD represent a serious threat for walnut orchards in Europe. Spatiotemporal data of the WTB-TCD infestations recorded from an 8-year-long (2013–2020) monitoring conducted in 106 walnut orchards of NE Italy were used to develop a model in order to analyze: (i) the effective dispersal capacity of WTB, (ii) the factors affecting dispersal and (iii) the colonization risk of healthy walnut orchards. We registered a mean annual dispersal of 9.4 km, with peaks of about 40 km. Pest dispersal is affected by distance of suitable hosts from the nearest infested site, number of walnut orchards in the surroundings (both infested and healthy), orchard size and walnut species in the orchard. Using the model, it was also possible to calculate the colonization risk of a specific walnut orchard according to its characteristics showing, for instance, that a medium-size (5,000 trees) black walnut orchard located at 25 km from the nearest infested orchard has an infestation risk of about 50% of probability.

scholarly journals Detection of Geosmithia morbida on Numerous Insect Species in Four Eastern States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Moore ◽  
Jennifer Juzwik ◽  
Fredric Miller ◽  
Leah Roberts ◽  
Matthew D. Ginzel
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Geosmithia Morbida ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Thousand Cankers Disease ◽  
Branch Dieback ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
Β Tubulin

Thousand cankers disease is caused by the coalescence of numerous Geosmithia morbida cankers on branches and stems of Juglans species, leading to branch dieback and eventual tree death. The fungus sporulates in galleries of the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis), allowing for acquisition of pathogen propagules and its subsequent transmission to other branches or trees following adult emergence. Recently, G. morbida has been isolated from Xylosandrus crassiusculus and Xyleborinus saxesenii collected in Ohio and Stenomimus pallidus collected in Indiana. These beetles are known to colonize diseased Juglans nigra in these states. In this study, an operational trap survey for ambrosia beetles, bark beetles, and other weevils was conducted in four eastern states, and captured beetles were assayed to detect G. morbida using both culture and PCR-based methods. A new primer pair (GmF3/GmR13), based on the β-tubulin region, was designed for G. morbida DNA detection. The pathogen was detected on 18 insect species using molecular methods, and live cultures were isolated from two species. This is the first report of the pathogen in Illinois and Minnesota.

scholarly journals Discovery of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, Associated with Forested Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in the Eastern U.S.

Forests ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Wiggins ◽  
Jerome Grant ◽  
Paris Lambdin ◽  
Paul Merten ◽  
Katheryne Nix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle

scholarly journals Effect of Bark Application With Beauveria bassiana and Permethrin Insecticide on the Walnut Twig Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Black Walnut Bolts

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2493-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert E Mayfield ◽  
Jennifer Juzwik ◽  
Jamison Scholer ◽  
John D Vandenberg ◽  
Adam Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Thousand Cankers Disease ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle

Abstract Formulations of entomopathogenic (insect-killing) fungi represent alternatives to synthetic insecticides in the management of forest and shade tree insects. We evaluated bark spray applications of the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain GHA (BotaniGardES), permethrin insecticide (Astro), and water (control) on colonization of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) (Fagales: Juglandaceae) bolts by the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), vector of the fungus that causes thousand cankers disease. Treated bolts were baited with a P. juglandis aggregation pheromone lure and deployed in infested walnut trees. Bark application of permethrin prevented P. juglandis colonization of the phloem. Although treatment of bolts with the B. bassiana suspension did not reduce P. juglandis colonization or short-term emergence relative to the control treatment, it increased the B. bassiana infection rate from 25 to 62% of emerged adults. Results suggest that commercial applications of B. bassiana strain GHA may help augment natural levels of infection by this entomopathogen in the eastern United States, and support continued exploration of entomopathogens for biological control of the walnut twig beetle.

scholarly journals Insects collected from wood infested with Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae) in the Piemonte region, Northwestern Italy

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bosio ◽  
Crystal Cooke-McEwen
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Thousand Cankers Disease ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
First Time ◽  
Accidental Introduction

The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae), and thousand cankers disease are documented in the Piemonte region of Northern Italy for the first time.  Northern California is found to be the likely origin of the Piemonte walnut twig beetles based on the comparison of CO1 haplotypes. Multiple species of parasitoids have been reared from black walnut wood infested with the invasive walnut twig beetle.  These rearings constitute the first record of the genus Neocalosoter Girault and Dodd (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae Cerocephalinae) in Europe and are likely due to accidental introduction along with the host beetle. Two specimens of Theocolax spp. are described as morphological anomalies with geographical origins unknown.   

scholarly journals Trapping Failure Leads to Discovery of Potent Semiochemical Repellent for the Walnut Twig Beetle

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2772-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson P Audley ◽  
Paul L Dallara ◽  
Lori J Nelson ◽  
Shakeeb M Hamud ◽  
Richard M Bostock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Thousand Cankers Disease ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
Trap Catches

Abstract The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, and its associated fungal pathogen that causes thousand cankers disease, currently threaten the viability of walnut trees across much of North America. During a 2011 assessment of seasonal flight patterns of P. juglandis with yellow sticky traps baited with the male-produced aggregation pheromone component, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, dramatically reduced catches were recorded when Tree Tanglefoot adhesive was used to coat the traps. In summer 2011, two trap adhesives were tested for potential repellency against P. juglandis in a field trapping bioassay. SuperQ extracts of volatiles from the most repellent adhesive were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and limonene and α-pinene were identified as predominant components. In field-based, trapping experiments both enantiomers of limonene at a release rate of ~700 mg/d conferred 91–99% reduction in trap catches of P. juglandis to pheromone-baited traps. (+)- and (‒)-α-Pinene reduced trap catch by 40 and 53%, respectively, at the highest release rate tested. While a combination of R-(+)-limonene and (+)-α-pinene resulted in a 97% reduction in the number of P. juglandis caught, the combination did not consistently result in greater flight trap catch reduction than individual limonene enantiomers. The repellent effect of limonene may be valuable in the development of a semiochemical-based tool for management of P. juglandis and thousand cankers disease.

Black Walnut Mortality in Colorado Caused by the Walnut Twig Beetle and Thousand Cankers Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Tisserat ◽  
Whitney Cranshaw ◽  
David Leatherman ◽  
Curtis Utley ◽  
Kathleen Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Thousand Cankers Disease ◽  
Branch Dieback ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
Enormous Number

Since 2001, widespread mortality of black walnut (Juglans nigra) has been reported in Colorado, USA. Affected trees initially show a yellowing and thinning of leaves in the upper crown, followed by twig and branch dieback and ultimately tree death. We report that this mortality is the result of a combination of an expanded geographic range of the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis), its aggressive feeding behavior on black walnut, and extensive cankering caused by an unnamed Geosmithia fungus associated with the beetle. Geosmithia was consistently recovered from the bodies of P. juglandis and this insect introduces the fungus into healthy trees during gallery formation. This is the first report of Geosmithia as a pathogen of black walnut. We propose the name Thousand Cankers to describe this disease because mortality is the result of bark necrosis caused by an enormous number of coalescing branch and trunk cankers. A second pathogen, Fusarium solani, was isolated from the margins of elongate trunk cankers during the final stages of decline, but not from cankers surrounding beetle galleries. Thousand Cankers Disease is eliminating black walnut along the Front Range of Colorado and poses a grave risk to this species in its native range in eastern North America should the insect/Geosmithia complex be introduced. Accepted for publication 26 May 2009. Published 11 August 2009.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document