Natural radioactivity and external hazard index in Brazilian sands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Guazzelli ◽  
N. H. Medina ◽  
V. A. P. Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
External Hazard Index

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity Levels in Soil Samples of AL- Sadr and AL-Forat AL-Aosat Hospitals in Najaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radiation Risks ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

This work was undertaken with the purpose of measuring natural radioactivity, due to 238U, 232Th and 40K in 30 soil samples collected from two hospitals in the governorate of (AL-Najaf), in Iraq. The samples were distributed (15) samples per hospital, and Radiation risks were also calculated for all soil samples. The natural radioactivity was measured using NaI (Tl) detector, the results of the specific activity at the Al Sadr Hospital were 238U ranged from (5.89±0.36 to 21.38±0.69) (Bq/kg) with average value 12.60±0.51 (Bq/kg). 232Th from (0.44±0.06 to 14.67±0.37) (Bq/kg) with average value (4.46±0.19) (Bq/kg), and 40K from (252.14±2.54 to 478.24±3.50) (Bq/kg) with average value (346.95±289) (Bq/kg). AL-Forat AL-Aosat hospital results were 238U ranged from (0.69±0.12 to 27.63±0.74) (Bq/kg) with average value (12.84±0.51) (Bq/kg), 232Th from (1.47±0.11 to 9.3±0.31 (Bq/kg) with average value 6.19±0.24 (Bq/kg), and 40K from (192.88±2.27 to 338.52±3.08) (Bq/kg) with average value (254.29±2.54) (Bq/kg). The radiation risks calculated, Radium Equivalent (Raeq), external Hazard index (Hex), absorbed dose rate (ADr), total Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE), and the Excess Life Cancer Risk (ELCR). The results were for Al Sadr Hospital (45.7063(Bq/kg), 0.1234, 23.0648(nGy/h), 0.0283(mSV/y), 1.247439702×10-3) respectively. For AL-Forat AL-Aosat hospital were (41.2655 (Bq/kg), 0.111, 20.3772 (nGy/h), 0.0250(mSV/y)`, 1.102083688×10-3) respectively. The results in the two hospitals were compared with the global allowable values ratio within the permissible ranges specified by UNSCER, OCDE, and ICRP; we concluded that all the sites in this study are safe.

scholarly journals Determination of natural radioactivity, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Xinwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Local Residents

Natural radioactivity levels, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China were determined. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fly ash samples ranged from 38.81 to 93.73, 40.34 to 135.17, and 66.92 to 290.86 Bq/kg with an average of 76.52, 109.95, and 170.72 Bq/kg, respectively; while in fly ash brick samples, these radionuclides ranged from 42.43 to 71.60, 76.65 to 208.37, and 94.32 to 489.42 Bq/kg with an average of 53.83, 101.93, and 266.48 Bq/kg, respectively. The exhalation rates of 222Rn and 220Rn in all determined samples were in the range of 1.13-20.50 and 15.60-113.00 mBq/m2s, respectively. The calculated results of the radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, internal hazard index, indoor annual effective dose and outdoor annual effective dose indicated that fly ashes and fly ash bricks collected from some brick factories of Baotou would pose excessive radiation risks to inhabitants and that they are not suitable for use in building construction. The natural radioactivity level of fly ash and fly ash brick needs to be constantly monitored considering the radiation safety of the local residents.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity Measurements and Radiation Dose Estimation in Some Sedimentary Rock Samples in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Akkurt ◽  
K. Günoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radioactivity existed since creation of the universe due to the long life time of some radionuclides. This natural radioactivity is caused byγ-radiation originating from the uranium and thorium series and40K. In this study, the gamma radiation has been measured to determine natural radioactivity of238U,232Th, and40K in collected sedimentary rock samples in different places of Turkey. The measurements have been performed usingγ-ray spectrometer containing NaI(Tl) detector and multichannel analyser (MCA). Absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED), radium equivalent activities (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin) associated with the natural radionuclide were calculated to assess the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in the sedimentary rock samples. The average values of absorbed dose rate in air (D), annual effective dose (AED), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin) were calculated and these were 45.425 nGy/h, 0.056 mSv/y, 99.014 Bq/kg, 0.267, and 0.361, respectively.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazards in Ceramic Samples Importer for the Local Market in Benghazi-Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Jemila Mussa Ali ◽  
Salha D. Y. Alsaadi ◽  
Abdulwahhab Alkuwafi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radioactivity of 15 ceramic samples imported from Italy, China, and Egypt to the local market of Benghazi city-Libya, was measured by the means of a gamma-ray spectroscopy system with an HPG detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were ranged from 75.75 to 85.63 Bq.kg-1, 44.10to 65.20 Bq.kg-1 and 819.52 to 959.27 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The radium equivalent, external hazard index, gamma radiation index, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and cancer risk factor were calculated using the above measurements in order to assess the radiological hazard associated with the studied ceramic samples. The average values of these radiological indices for the ceramic samples were found to be; 232.29 Bq.kg-1, 0.63, 1.71, 107.11 nGy.h-1, 0.13 mSv.y-1 and 0.43, respectively. In general, the average value of radium equivalent for ceramic samples is not exceeded the recommended value of 370 Bq.kg-1, the external hazard index is lower than unity, and for all samples the annual effective dose below the recommended world limits. On the other hand, some radiological hazard indices were reported to be higher than the recommended world limits. The ceramic samples concerned in this study might be recommended to be utilized as building materials for dwelling construction. Keywords: Natural radioactivity; Radiological hazard; Absorbed dose rate; HPGe detector; Ceramic

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY AND EVALUATION OF RADIATION HAZARDS IN SOILS FROM GRANITOIDE-GRANITE GEOLOGICAL FORMATION IN CUBA

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
C M Alonso-Hernández ◽  
A L Toledo-Sibello ◽  
A Guillén-Arruebarrena ◽  
R Sibello-Hernández ◽  
Y Morera-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index

Abstract The natural radioactivity and the associated radiation hazards of soils from the Cumanayagua Granitoide-Granitic massif in the central south of Cuba have been studied. Mass activities of the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K varied in the ranges 10.4–33, 4.6–21.7 and 381–1201 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity (91.4 ± 22.1 Bq kg−1), absorbed dose rate (45.6 ± 11.1 nGy h−1), annual effective dose rate (56.1 ± 13.7 μSv y−1) and the external hazard index (0.25 ± 0.06) have been calculated and compared with the internationally approved values. According to these results, the area can be regarded as an area with normal natural background radiation and may not pose radiological risks to the inhabitants owing to harmful effects of ionizing radiation from the natural radionuclides in soils. This study provides background radioactivity concentrations in Cumanayagua Granitoide area and generate a baseline data for radiological mapping of Cuba in the future.

Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and the associated radiological hazards in some building materials from Mayo-Kebbi region, Chad

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Penabei ◽  
D. Bongue ◽  
P. Maleka ◽  
T. Dlamini ◽  
Saïdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radiation Hazard Index

In order to assess the levels of natural radioactivity and the associated radiological hazards in some building materials of the Mayo-Kebbi region (Chad), a total of nineteen samples were collected on the field. Using a high resolution γ-ray spectrometry system, the activity concentrations of radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) in these samples have been determined. The measured average activity concentrations range from 0.56 ± 0.37 Bq kg−1 to 435 ± 7 Bq kg−1, 1.3 ± 0.6 Bq kg−1 to 50.6 ± 1.1 Bq kg−1 and 4.3 ± 2.0 Bq kg−1 to 840 ± 9 Bq kg−1, for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The highest 226Ra average activities is found in soil brick samples of Zabili. The highest mean value of 232Th and 40K concentrations are found in soil brick samples of Madajang. The activity concentration and the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) have been compared to other studies done elsewhere in the world. Their average values are lower than most of those of countries with which the comparison has been made. Were also evaluated, the external radiation hazard index, the internal radiation hazard index, the indoor air absorbed dose rate, the outdoor air absorbed dose rate, the activity utilization index, the annual effective dose, the annual gonadal dose equivalent, the representative level index, as well as, the excess lifetime cancer risk. In accordance with the criterion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, our results show that soil brick samples of Zabili and Madajang increases the risk of radiation exposure, thereby the possibility of developing cancer by people living in this environment. Based on these findings, brick samples from Zabili and Madajang are not recommended for construction purposes. All other sample materials have properties that are acceptable for use as building materials in terms of radiation hazard.

scholarly journals A review: Natural and artificial radionuclides and radiation hazard parameters in the soil of mountain regions in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Branislava Mitrovic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic ◽  
Jelena Ajtic ◽  
Borjana Vranjes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Hazard Parameters

This review paper discusses the content of natural (40K, 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides in the soil of the mountains of Maljen, Tara and Kopaonik in the Republic of Serbia over 2002-2015. In addition, the paper gives radiation hazard parameters, i.e., radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, external hazard index, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk outdoors that we calculated from the obtained content of the natural radionuclides in the soil samples. We compared the parameters to previously published results for different parts of the country and looked into the radioecological status of the investigated areas.

scholarly journals Measurement of NORM in Building Materials to Assess Radiological Hazards to Human Health and Develop the Standard Guidelines for Residents in Thailand: Case Study in Sand Samples Collected from Seven Northeastern Thailand Provinces

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Phachirarat Sola ◽  
Uthaiwan Injarean ◽  
Roppon Picha ◽  
Chutima Kranrod ◽  
Chunyapuk Kukusamude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

A total of 223 sand samples collected from seven provinces in Northeastern Thailand were analyzed for their gamma radioactivity from naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), and the data were used to calculate the concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40. Radiological safety indicators such as the indoor external dose rates (Din), the annual indoor effective dose (Ein), the activity concentration index (I), the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the external hazard index (Hex), the internal haphazard index (Hin), and the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated. The activity concentrations were found to be 36 ± 10 Bq/kg for Ra-226, 2.64 ± 0.58 Bq/kg for Th-232, and 323 ± 168  Bq/kg for K-40. Din is 62 ± 23 nGy/h. The Ein is 0.30 ± 0.11 mSv/y. The activity concentrations and other indicators were reported by each province and compared with the safety standards and are found to be within the safe limits in this study. The results can be used to develop the standard guideline levels for choosing building materials in Thailand.

Significance of Uranium Series Disequilibrium and Their Radiological Impacts In Abu Garadi Altered Granites.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Hussein ◽  
Mahmoud khattab ◽  
Waleed A. El-Said ◽  
Neveen S. Abed ◽  
A. F. Tawfic
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Reduction Zone ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Abstract Radioactivity of U, Th series and 40K in the collected samples from Abu Garadi area were measured using Hyper Pure Germanium detector Gamma spectrometer (HPGe). 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 238U contents were determined in the different samples that indicating high uranium high thorium type of these granites. The activity concentrations of 232Th, 238U, 234U/238U activity ratio of the studied altered granites ranged between 1.98 to 4.25 with 2.89 as an average, indicating that the samples passed from the incipience of the oxidation-reduction zone (234U/238U=1.98) to the reduction zone (234U/238U= 4.52). 238U/235U activity ratios showed broad range as a result of the alteration processes. 226Ra and 40K are very important in determination of different environmental hazard impacts. The activity concentrations average of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were 6553.7 ± 3.1 Bq kg− 1, 3944 ± 0.9 Bq kg− 1 201.3 ± 1.1 Bq kg− 1 and 619.4 ± 0.02 Bq kg− 1. The absorbed gamma dose rate (D), external hazard index (Hex), annual effective dose rate equivalent, radium equivalent (Raeq), internal hazard index (Hin), gamma index (Iγ) as well as Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) were applied based on the measured radionuclide concentration of the 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K.

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