scholarly journals Determination of natural radioactivity, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Xinwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Local Residents

Natural radioactivity levels, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China were determined. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fly ash samples ranged from 38.81 to 93.73, 40.34 to 135.17, and 66.92 to 290.86 Bq/kg with an average of 76.52, 109.95, and 170.72 Bq/kg, respectively; while in fly ash brick samples, these radionuclides ranged from 42.43 to 71.60, 76.65 to 208.37, and 94.32 to 489.42 Bq/kg with an average of 53.83, 101.93, and 266.48 Bq/kg, respectively. The exhalation rates of 222Rn and 220Rn in all determined samples were in the range of 1.13-20.50 and 15.60-113.00 mBq/m2s, respectively. The calculated results of the radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, internal hazard index, indoor annual effective dose and outdoor annual effective dose indicated that fly ashes and fly ash bricks collected from some brick factories of Baotou would pose excessive radiation risks to inhabitants and that they are not suitable for use in building construction. The natural radioactivity level of fly ash and fly ash brick needs to be constantly monitored considering the radiation safety of the local residents.

Natural Radioactivity of Topsoil in Two Granite Areas of Guangzhou, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3691-3695
Author(s):  
Gang Song ◽  
Min Xing Lu ◽  
Qiu Ping Zhu ◽  
Di Yun Chen ◽  
Yong Heng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radionuclide (238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) concentrations in 152 soil samples were determined from two major granite areas in Guangzhou, using high resolution γ-ray spectroscopic system based on the characteristic spectral peaks. The mean activity values for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 156.6±98.8, 160.9±96.5, 184.8±101.5 and 832.5±493.1 Bq kg–1 dry mass, respectively. The absorbed dose rate (D) calculated from activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 53.2 to 497.1 nGy h–1 with a mean of 220.7 nGy h–1. The Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the outdoor annual effective dose and the external hazard index (Ir), which resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 119.7 to 1117.2 Bq kg–1, from 0.07 to 0.61 mSv and from 0.33 to 3.07, respectively. The radium equivalent activities and the external hazard index in all the soil samples were same as 64.5% higher than the limit of 370 Bq kg–1 and 1.0, respectively. The outdoor annual effective dose was higher than the worldwide mean value of 0.07 mSv.

Assessment of Annual Effective Dose for Natural Radioactivity of Gamma Emitters in Biscuit Samples in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1766-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ABID ABOJASSIM ◽  
LUBNA A. AL-ALASADI ◽  
AHMED R. SHITAKE ◽  
FAEQ A. AL-TEMEMIE ◽  
AFNAN A. HUSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Radiation Hazard Indices

Biscuits are an important type of food, widely consumed by babies in Iraq and other countries. This work uses gamma spectroscopy to measure the natural radioactivity due to long-lived gamma emitters in children's biscuits; it also estimates radiation hazard indices, that is, the radium equivalent activity, the representative of gamma level index, the internal hazard index, and the annual effective dose in children. Ten samples were collected from the Iraqi market from different countries of origin. The average specific activities for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 9.390, 3.1213, and 214.969 Bq/kg, respectively, but the average of the radium equivalent activity and the internal hazard index were 33.101 Bq/kg and 0.107, respectively. The total average annual effective dose from consumption by adults, children, and infants is estimated to be 0.655, 1.009, and 0.875 mSv, respectively. The values found for specific activity, radiation hazard indices, and annual effective dose in all samples in this study were lower than worldwide median values for all groups; therefore, these values are found to be safe.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity Measurements and Radiation Dose Estimation in Some Sedimentary Rock Samples in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Akkurt ◽  
K. Günoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radioactivity existed since creation of the universe due to the long life time of some radionuclides. This natural radioactivity is caused byγ-radiation originating from the uranium and thorium series and40K. In this study, the gamma radiation has been measured to determine natural radioactivity of238U,232Th, and40K in collected sedimentary rock samples in different places of Turkey. The measurements have been performed usingγ-ray spectrometer containing NaI(Tl) detector and multichannel analyser (MCA). Absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED), radium equivalent activities (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin) associated with the natural radionuclide were calculated to assess the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in the sedimentary rock samples. The average values of absorbed dose rate in air (D), annual effective dose (AED), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin) were calculated and these were 45.425 nGy/h, 0.056 mSv/y, 99.014 Bq/kg, 0.267, and 0.361, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of Natural Radioactivity of Commonly Used Fertilizer Materials in Egypt and Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil M. Hassan ◽  
Byung-Uck Chang ◽  
Shinji Tokonami
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Limiting Values

Specific activities of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the environment have been redistributed by the use of fertilizers in agriculture so their concentrations in fertilizer materials should be measured to identify the safe utilization of fertilizers. In the present work, the specific activities of these radionuclides in five commonly used fertilizers in Egypt and five fertilizers used in Japan were measured by HPGe and γ-ray spectrometry. The average values of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in Japanese fertilizers were less than their values in Egyptian fertilizers but both had some samples with specific activities greater than the recommended limiting values. The radiological hazards of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external (Hex) and internal (Hin) indexes, alpha and gamma indexes, and annual effective dose, due to the presence of these radionuclides, were calculated and compared with each other.

Annual Effective Dose of Gamma Emitters in Adults and Children for Some Types of Rice Consumed in Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 2174-2178
Author(s):  
ALI ABID ABOJASSIM ◽  
DAHIR MOHAMMAD DAHIR ◽  
AZHAR S. ALABOODI ◽  
ABBAS H. ABONASRIA
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radium Equivalent

ABSTRACT This work studies the activity concentration of natural radioactivity in 20 different types of rice, including imported rice and that produced locally. The rice samples were collected from markets and farms in Iraq, and then a natural radioactivity investigation was done in the environmental laboratory of the Kufa University, using gamma-ray spectrometer systems. The research focused on measuring the activity concentration of natural radioactivity (238U, 232Th, and 40K) to determine the level of the radium equivalent activity, internal hazard indices, and annual effective dose. The results show that all these parameters are within the permissible limits and that radioactivity is present in almost all foodstuffs at levels ranging from 40 to 600 Bq/kg of food. Radioactivity in foodstuffs is attributed to a natural source, potassium-40, and to artificial sources, which include industrial radioactivity, weapons testing, and accidents involving radioactivity. In this article, radionuclides have been identified for most of the common species of rice available in Iraqi markets; in addition, radium equivalent activity, internal hazard indices, and annual effective dose were calculated and compared with the permissible dose to estimate the risk of radioactive isotopes in the rice crop.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazards in Ceramic Samples Importer for the Local Market in Benghazi-Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Jemila Mussa Ali ◽  
Salha D. Y. Alsaadi ◽  
Abdulwahhab Alkuwafi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radioactivity of 15 ceramic samples imported from Italy, China, and Egypt to the local market of Benghazi city-Libya, was measured by the means of a gamma-ray spectroscopy system with an HPG detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were ranged from 75.75 to 85.63 Bq.kg-1, 44.10to 65.20 Bq.kg-1 and 819.52 to 959.27 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The radium equivalent, external hazard index, gamma radiation index, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and cancer risk factor were calculated using the above measurements in order to assess the radiological hazard associated with the studied ceramic samples. The average values of these radiological indices for the ceramic samples were found to be; 232.29 Bq.kg-1, 0.63, 1.71, 107.11 nGy.h-1, 0.13 mSv.y-1 and 0.43, respectively. In general, the average value of radium equivalent for ceramic samples is not exceeded the recommended value of 370 Bq.kg-1, the external hazard index is lower than unity, and for all samples the annual effective dose below the recommended world limits. On the other hand, some radiological hazard indices were reported to be higher than the recommended world limits. The ceramic samples concerned in this study might be recommended to be utilized as building materials for dwelling construction. Keywords: Natural radioactivity; Radiological hazard; Absorbed dose rate; HPGe detector; Ceramic

scholarly journals Evaluation of the natural radioactivity level of Nigerian tar sand deposits, eastern Dahomey basin, southwestern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Akinmosin ◽  
Michael Oladunjoye ◽  
Fabian Essien
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Dahomey Basin ◽  
Specific Activities

The specific activities of natural radionuclides in twenty seven samples collected from the eastern Dahomey basin in southwestern Nigeria were evaluated. Experimental results were obtained by using a 3" x 3" sodium iodide NaI(Tl) detector. A major trace element assessment of the samples was made by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry techniques. Gamma ray radioactive standard sources, 137Cs and 60Co, were used to calibrate the measurement system and the International Atomic Energy Agency SOIL-375 radioactive standard source was also used to analyze and compute the specific activities of desired natural radionuclides. Three radioelements, viz. 238U, 232Th and 40K, were identified in the samples with the following specific activities of 238U ranging from 9.88 ? 4.70 Bq/kg to 69.15 ? 12.37 Bq/kg with an average of 26.50 ? 7.18 Bq/kg; 232Th from 12.78 ? 5.16 Bq/kg to 36.86 ? 13.35 Bq/kg with an average of 22.77 ? 4.28 Bq/kg; 40K ranging from 189.82 ? 79.51 Bq/kg to 518.77 ? ? 119.54 Bq/kg with an average of 297.69 ? 16.21 Bq/kg. The result was compared with the world mean values of 35, 30 and 400 Bq/kg, respectively, specified by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. The mean result obtained for the radium equivalent, total absorbed dose rate, external hazard index, internal hazard index, and the annual effective dose equivalent, were 79.90 Bq/kg, 38.50 ?Sv/h, 0.22 Bq/kg, 0.29 Bq/kg, and 47.22 ?Sv, respectively. With respect to radiological risk to human health, the absorbed gamma dose rate in air was estimated to be in the range of 21.7 ? 0.4 to 155.7 ? 2.2 ?Sv/h; the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent was evaluated to vary from 26.6 ? 0.4 to 190.9 ? ? 2.7 ?Sv with the arithmetic mean value of 79.06 ? 33.23 ?Sv and compared to the world-wide effective dose of 70 ?Sv. Also, the values of the radium equivalent and the external hazard index for all samples in the study area were found to be lower than the accepted safety limit value of 370 Bq/kg and equally below the limit of unity, respectively. The results indicate that, at present, the radiation hazard from radionuclides in all samples analyzed is within permissible limits.

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY AND EVALUATION OF RADIATION HAZARDS IN SOILS FROM GRANITOIDE-GRANITE GEOLOGICAL FORMATION IN CUBA

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
C M Alonso-Hernández ◽  
A L Toledo-Sibello ◽  
A Guillén-Arruebarrena ◽  
R Sibello-Hernández ◽  
Y Morera-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index

Abstract The natural radioactivity and the associated radiation hazards of soils from the Cumanayagua Granitoide-Granitic massif in the central south of Cuba have been studied. Mass activities of the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K varied in the ranges 10.4–33, 4.6–21.7 and 381–1201 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity (91.4 ± 22.1 Bq kg−1), absorbed dose rate (45.6 ± 11.1 nGy h−1), annual effective dose rate (56.1 ± 13.7 μSv y−1) and the external hazard index (0.25 ± 0.06) have been calculated and compared with the internationally approved values. According to these results, the area can be regarded as an area with normal natural background radiation and may not pose radiological risks to the inhabitants owing to harmful effects of ionizing radiation from the natural radionuclides in soils. This study provides background radioactivity concentrations in Cumanayagua Granitoide area and generate a baseline data for radiological mapping of Cuba in the future.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity Levels in Soil Samples of AL- Sadr and AL-Forat AL-Aosat Hospitals in Najaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radiation Risks ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

This work was undertaken with the purpose of measuring natural radioactivity, due to 238U, 232Th and 40K in 30 soil samples collected from two hospitals in the governorate of (AL-Najaf), in Iraq. The samples were distributed (15) samples per hospital, and Radiation risks were also calculated for all soil samples. The natural radioactivity was measured using NaI (Tl) detector, the results of the specific activity at the Al Sadr Hospital were 238U ranged from (5.89±0.36 to 21.38±0.69) (Bq/kg) with average value 12.60±0.51 (Bq/kg). 232Th from (0.44±0.06 to 14.67±0.37) (Bq/kg) with average value (4.46±0.19) (Bq/kg), and 40K from (252.14±2.54 to 478.24±3.50) (Bq/kg) with average value (346.95±289) (Bq/kg). AL-Forat AL-Aosat hospital results were 238U ranged from (0.69±0.12 to 27.63±0.74) (Bq/kg) with average value (12.84±0.51) (Bq/kg), 232Th from (1.47±0.11 to 9.3±0.31 (Bq/kg) with average value 6.19±0.24 (Bq/kg), and 40K from (192.88±2.27 to 338.52±3.08) (Bq/kg) with average value (254.29±2.54) (Bq/kg). The radiation risks calculated, Radium Equivalent (Raeq), external Hazard index (Hex), absorbed dose rate (ADr), total Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE), and the Excess Life Cancer Risk (ELCR). The results were for Al Sadr Hospital (45.7063(Bq/kg), 0.1234, 23.0648(nGy/h), 0.0283(mSV/y), 1.247439702×10-3) respectively. For AL-Forat AL-Aosat hospital were (41.2655 (Bq/kg), 0.111, 20.3772 (nGy/h), 0.0250(mSV/y)`, 1.102083688×10-3) respectively. The results in the two hospitals were compared with the global allowable values ratio within the permissible ranges specified by UNSCER, OCDE, and ICRP; we concluded that all the sites in this study are safe.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Some Soil Samples from Kutha District in Babylon Governorate, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Annual Dose ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Abstract: The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides of the elements (40K, 238U and 232Th), collected from Kutha district of Babylon governorate are studied and evaluated. Twenty soil samples with (0-15) cm in depth are collected. Gamma spectrometer NaI (TI) source is used for calibration. The radioactivities of natural isotopes K-40, U-238 and Th-232, were assessed. These studies show that radio activities of isotopes are acceptable according to the standard levels. Also, the activity of radium equivalent, the rate of annual effective dose, average air volume and external risk index are evaluated. The results are found within the internationally tolerable values. The results show that the mean of the radioactivity of 238U is (19.1565)Bq / kg, while it is (54.501) Bq/kg for 232Th and (179.578) Bq/kg for 40K. The study results showed that the average of radiological effects, like the Radium equivalent (Raeq), the rate of absorbed dose (Dr), the index of external hazard (Hex), the index of internal hazard (Hin), the index of representative gamma hazard (Iγ), the Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) and the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are as follow: 110.920 Bq/kg, 50.1838 nGy/h, 0.29953, 59.1530, 27.996, 0.34 mSv/y and 1.268x10-3, respectively. Keywords: Natural radioactivity, Absorption, External hazard, Effective annual dose, Excess lifetime cancer risk.

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