Differential and targeted vesiculation: pathologic cellular responses to elevated arterial pressure

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure

Impaired baroreflex control of vascular resistance in prehypertensive Dahl S rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. H210-H217 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon ◽  
A. L. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Strain Difference ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure

The purpose of this study was to examine baroreflex control of vascular resistance and heart rate in prehypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats. Urethan-anesthetized normotensive DS rats demonstrated significantly impaired baroreflex control of both hindlimb vascular resistance and heart rate. This impairment was not secondary to elevated arterial pressure since blood pressure did not differ between DR and DS rats fed a low sodium diet. Vascular baroreflex responses were shown to depend on the integrity of efferent sympathetic innervation and to be mediated by the sinoaortic afferent arterial baroreceptors. No strain difference was observed for hindlimb vasodilation produced by papaverine or graded doses of nitroprusside, indicating that differences in resistance vessel vasodilator capacity or responsiveness could not account for differences in baroreflex responses. Since impaired baroreflex control was evident in DS rats prior to any elevation in arterial pressure, this abnormality may contribute to the DS rat's genetic propensity to develop hypertension.

Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure in the sheep alters renal development in utero: implications for adult renal function and blood pressure control

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. R500-R509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Moritz ◽  
Robert De Matteo ◽  
Miodrag Dodic ◽  
Andrew J. Jefferies ◽  
Debbie Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Sodium Channels ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure

Treatment of the pregnant ewe with glucocorticoids early in pregnancy results in offspring with hypertension. This study examined whether glucocorticoids can reduce nephron formation or alter gene expression for sodium channels in the late gestation fetus. Sodium channel expression was also examined in 2-mo-old lambs, while arterial pressure and renal function was examined in adult female offspring before and during 6 wk of increased dietary salt intake. Pregnant ewes were treated with saline (SAL), dexamethasone (DEX; 0.48 mg/h) or cortisol (CORT; 5 mg/h) over days 26–28 of gestation (term = 150 days). At 140 days of gestation, glomerular number in CORT and DEX animals was 40 and 25% less, respectively, compared with SAL controls. Real-time PCR showed greater gene expression for the epithelial sodium channel (α-, β-, γ-subunits) and Na+-K+-ATPase (α-, β-, γ-subunits) in both the DEX and CORT group fetal kidneys compared with the SAL group with some of these changes persisting in 2-mo-old female offspring. In adulthood, sheep treated with dexamethasone or cortisol in utero had elevated arterial pressure and an apparent increase in single nephron glomerular filtration rate, but global renal hemodynamics and excretory function were normal and arterial pressure was not salt sensitive. Our findings show that the nephron-deficit in sheep exposed to glucocorticoids in utero is acquired before birth, so it is a potential cause, rather than a consequence, of their elevated arterial pressure in adulthood. Upregulation of sodium channels in these animals could provide a mechanistic link to sustained increases in arterial pressure in cortisol- and dexamethasone-exposed sheep, since it would be expected to promote salt and water retention during the postnatal period.

scholarly journals Endogenous Melanocortin System Activity Contributes to the Elevated Arterial Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. da Silva ◽  
Jussara M. do Carmo ◽  
Bela Kanyicska ◽  
John Dubinion ◽  
Elizabeth Brandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure

Role of Endothelin in Central Cardiorespiratory Control: Modern and Classical Approaches

Physiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
T Kuwaki ◽  
Y Kurihara ◽  
H Kurihara ◽  
Y Yazaki ◽  
M Kumada
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Gene Targeting ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Control ◽  
Ventral Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Po2 ◽  
Respiratory Reflexes

Mutant mice deficient in endothelin-1 (ET-1) were created by using gene-targeting techniques. ET-1 +/- heterozygous mice showed elevated arterial pressure accompanied by diminished arterial PO2 and impaired respiratory reflexes. Endogenous ET-1 thus plays a physiological role in cardiorespiratory control. Neural structures in the ventral medulla oblongata appear to participate in this process.

Effect of hypervolemia and elevated arterial pressure on circulatory dynamics of pregnant animals

1967 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben H. Douglas ◽  
J.C. Harlan ◽  
Herbert G. Langford ◽  
T.Q. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure ◽  
Circulatory Dynamics

Elevated arterial pressure impairs autoregulation independently of AT1 receptor activation

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W Inscho ◽  
Anthony K Cook ◽  
James B Murzynowski ◽  
John D Imig
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure

Elevated arterial pressure and postexertional ST-segment depression in middle-aged women

1976 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kusumi ◽  
R.A. Bruce ◽  
M.A. Ross ◽  
S. Trimble ◽  
A.E. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Elevated Arterial Pressure
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