scholarly journals Mood impact on cardiovascular reactivity when task difficulty is unclear

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Richter ◽  
Guido H. E. Gendolla
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Difficulty

Advancing Issues in Motivation Intensity Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 372-392
Author(s):  
Guido H. E. Gendolla ◽  
Rex A. Wright ◽  
Michael Richter
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Material Incentive ◽  
Instrumental Behavior ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Implicit Affect ◽  
Extensive Program

What determines effort intensity in instrumental behavior? According to motivation intensity theory, effort should be proportional to experienced task difficulty as long as success is possible and justified and low when success is impossible or excessively difficult, given the available benefit. When task difficulty is unspecified or unknown, effort should be proportional to the importance of success. This chapter reports an extensive program of research that has operationalized effort intensity as cardiovascular reactivity during task performance and used multiple manipulations of variables influencing subjective task difficulty (e.g., performance standards, instrumentality, ability, fatigue, mood, depressive symptoms, implicit affect, implicit and biological aging) and the amount of justified effort (e.g., material incentive, instrumentality, needs, personal and social evaluation, mortality salience). In the second edition of this handbook, this chapter focuses on recent empirical evidence for the principles of motivation intensity theory and discusses challenges for other theoretical accounts.

scholarly journals Trait self-focused attention, task difficulty, and effort-related cardiovascular reactivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Silvia ◽  
Hannah C. Jones ◽  
Casey S. Kelly ◽  
Alireza Zibaie
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Attention Task

Self-focus and task difficulty effects on effort-related cardiovascular reactivity

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido H. E. Gendolla ◽  
Michael Richter ◽  
Paul J. Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
And Task

Effort Intensity: Some Insights From the Cardiovascular System

2012 ◽  
pp. 419-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido H. E. Gendolla ◽  
Rex A. Wright ◽  
Michael Richter
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Material Incentive ◽  
Instrumental Behavior ◽  
System P ◽  
Clear Support

This chapter deals with the psychological process that determines effort intensity in instrumental behavior. According to motivation intensity theory, effort should be proportional to experienced task difficulty as long as success is possible and justified and low when success is impossible or excessively difficult, given the available benefit. When task difficulty is unspecified or unknown, effort should be proportional to the importance of success. We report a program of experimental studies that have operationalized effort intensity as cardiovascular reactivity during task performance and used multiple manipulations of variables influencing subjective task difficulty (e.g., performance standards, ability, mood) and the amount of justified effort (e.g., material incentive, instrumentality, evaluation). The empirical evidence is in clear support of the principles of motivation intensity theory and challenges a number of other theoretical accounts. Directions for future research are discussed.

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