The analysis of alloying of the chemical and phase composition of domestic and foreign cast heat-resistant alloys with a nickel matrix is carried out; the tendency to increase the level of heat-resistant properties of cast nickel alloys due to more complex alloying is traced. Recently, expensive rhenium, ruthenium, hafnium, and dysprosium have increasingly been used as alloying elements. The positive effect of these elements on the thermal stability of the γ-matrix and the strengthening γ'-phase is established. The above elements inhibit diffusion processes, thereby increasing the creep resistance of alloys at high temperatures and loads. The evaluation of heatresistant nickel alloys obtained by directional crystallization is given. It is established that the most significant parameters of the phase composition of the studied alloys are the distribution coefficients of alloying elements between the γ' and γ-phases (Ki). The basic principles of balanced alloying, which are used to select the optimal chemical composition of heat-resistant nickel alloys, are formulated. To achieve the maximum heat resistance parameters in the selected heat-resistant nickel alloys alloying system, the calculated value γ/γ' defined by “misfit” was used, which is calculated by the formula: Δа = (аγ-аγ')/ аγ, where аγ and аγ' are the lattice periods of γ and γʹ-phases. Thus, the calculated Δа should be positive for аγ> аγ' and at least two to three times more than for single-crystal heat-resistant nickel alloys with a traditional alloying system, for which Δа = (0.1-0.2) or more. It is shown that misfit (γ/γ') is mainly determined by those alloying elements that increase the аγ most significantly. These elements are Re, Pu, Mo, W, Nb, and Ta in ascending order of influence on the lattice period (аγ) of the phase.
Phase composition of galvanic iron-nickel alloys obtained using pulsed current
