A Game a Day Keeps Cognitive Decline Away? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially-Available Brain Training Programs in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

Background: Previous studies have indicated that B vitamin deficiencies are an essential cause of neurological pathology. There is a need to provide evidence of the benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Objective: To examine the association between intake and plasma levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate and cognitive function in older populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to search the literature though August 8, 2019. We included observational population-based studies evaluating the association between concentrations or intake levels of vitamins B6, B12, or folate and cognition in older adults aged ≥45 years. The quality of all studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed by the random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by excluding the studies with significant heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-one observational studies with sample sizes ranging from 155–7030 were included in the meta-analysis. Higher levels of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97) and folate concentration (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51–0.90) were associated with better cognition in cross-sectional studies, but not in sensitivity analyses or prospective studies. High vitamin B6 concentrations showed no significant benefit on cognition and dementia risk. Prospective studies did not provide substantial evidence for the relationship. Conclusion: The results from our meta-analysis suggest that vitamins B12, B6, and folate may not be modifiable risk factors for slowing cognitive decline among community-dwelling older individuals.

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Effect of Tai Chi on Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6679153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Renjun Gu ◽

Yujia Gao ◽

Chunbing Zhang ◽

Xiaojuan Liu ◽

Zhiguang Sun

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Digit Span ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating

Background. Cognitive decline occurs in all persons during the aging process and drugs can only alleviate symptoms and are expensive. Some researches demonstrated that Tai Chi had potential in preventing cognitive decline while others’ results showed Tai Chi had no influence on cognitive impairment. Therefore, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of cognitive impairment patients practicing Tai Chi. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo (Ovid), CKNI, Wan Fang, VIP, SinoMed, and ClinicalTrails, from their inception to 1 July 2020 to collect randomized controlled trials about practicing Tai Chi for patients with cognitive impairment. Primary outcomes included changes of cognitive function and secondary outcomes included changes of memory functions. Data were extracted by two independent individuals and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 was applied for the included studies. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results. The results included 827 cases in 9 studies, of which 375 were in the experimental group and 452 were in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that Mini-Mental State Examination WMD = 1.52, 95% CI [0.90, 2.14]; Montreal Cognitive Assessment WMD = 3.5, 95% CI [0.76, 6.24]; Clinical Dementia Rating WMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.29]; logical memory delayed recall WMD = 1.1, 95% CI [0.04, 2.16]; digit span forward WMD = 0.53, 95% CI [−0.65, 1.71]; and digit span backward WMD = −0.1, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.19]. No adverse events were reported in the included articles. Conclusion. There is limited evidence to support that practicing Tai Chi is effective for older adults with cognitive impairment. Tai Chi seems to be a safe exercise, which can bring better changes in cognitive function score.

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Decision letter for "Visual art therapy as a treatment option for cognitive decline among older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis"

10.1111/jan.14362/v2/decision1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Art Therapy ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Visual Art ◽

Meta Analysis

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Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Preliminary Recommendations

Neuropsychology Review ◽

10.1007/s11065-017-9342-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 245-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Colette M. Smart ◽

◽

Justin E. Karr ◽

Corson N. Areshenkoff ◽

Laura A. Rabin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline

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Effect of Chronic Resistance Training on Circulating Irisin: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2476

Author(s):

Pedro L. Cosio ◽

Manuel Crespo-Posadas ◽

Álvaro Velarde-Sotres ◽

Mireia Pelaez

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Training Programs ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Resistance Training Program ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Subgroup Analyses

Irisin seems to play an important role in several chronic diseases, however, the interactions between chronic training and irisin are still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of chronic resistance training on circulating irisin in adults. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete) until December 2020. Randomized controlled trials researching irisin levels after a resistance training program for at least 8 weeks among an adult population were eligible. Other inclusion criteria comprised recruiting a control group and reporting circulating irisin through ELISA kits. Cohen’s d effect size and subgroup analyses (95% confidence level) were calculated using a random effects analysis model. Data of the seven included studies comprising 282 individuals showed an increasing and non-significant tendency after a resistance training program (d = 0.58, 95% CI: −0.25 to 1.40, p = 0.17). Subgroup analyses showed significant increases for the older adults group (p < 0.001) and when training is demanding and progressive in terms of intensity (p = 0.03). Data suggest that resistance training programs seem to increase circulating irisin, especially in older adults and in demanding and progressive training programs. However, more studies should be conducted using robust measurement methods, such as mass spectrometry, to better understand the interaction between chronic resistance exercise and irisin.

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