scholarly journals Supererogation and conditional obligation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Muñoz ◽  
Theron Pummer
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Obligation ◽  
General Account

AbstractThere are plenty of classic paradoxes about conditional obligations, like the duty to be gentle if one is to murder, and about “supererogatory” deeds beyond the call of duty. But little has been said about the intersection of these topics. We develop the first general account of conditional supererogation, with the power to solve familiar puzzles as well as several that we introduce. Our account, moreover, flows from two familiar ideas: that conditionals restrict quantification and that supererogation emerges from a clash between justifying and requiring reasons.

Elements for a General Organology

Derrida Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Bernard Stiegler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
General Account ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
History Of

These lectures outline the project of a general organology, which is to say an account of life when it is no longer just biological but technical, or when it involves not just organic matter but organized inorganic matter. This organology is also shown to require a modified Simondonian account of the shift from vital individuation to a three-stranded process of psychic, collective and technical individuation. Furthermore, such an approach involves extending the Derridean reading of Socrates's discussion of writing as a pharmakon, so that it becomes a more general account of the pharmacological character of retention and protention. By going back to Leroi-Gourhan, we can recognize that this also means pursuing the history of retentional modifications unfolding in the course of the history of what, with Lotka, can also be called exosomatization. It is thus a question of how exteriorization can, today, in an epoch when it becomes digital, and in an epoch that produces vast amounts of entropy at the thermodynamic, biological and noetic levels, still possibly produce new forms of interiorization, that is, new forms of thought, care and desire, amounting to so many chances to struggle against the planetary-scale pharmacological crisis with which we are currently afflicted.

Death of the General Account

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Brian O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
General Account

scholarly journals Thresholds in Distributive Justice

Utilitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dick Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
General Account ◽  
Common Misunderstanding

Abstract Despite the prominence of thresholds in theories of distributive justice, there is no general account of what sort of role is played by the idea of a threshold within such theories. This has allowed an ongoing lack of clarity and misunderstanding around views that employ thresholds. In this article, I develop an account of the concept of thresholds in distributive justice. I argue that this concept contains three elements, which threshold views deploy when ranking possible distributions. These elements are (i) the level of the threshold, (ii) what constitutes the value of the threshold, and (iii) how benefits above and below the threshold must be allocated. I highlight three contributions that this particular account of thresholds makes: it clarifies the nature of the shift that occurs at the threshold; it resolves a common misunderstanding about headcount principles; and it shows how the arbitrariness objection can be met.

Belief and the Will

Philosophy ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 47 (180) ◽  
pp. 95-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony O'Hear
Keyword(s):  
Long Period ◽  
General Account ◽  
The Will ◽  
Will Power ◽  
The Way

In this article, we will consider how far we might be said to be active in forming our beliefs; in particular, we will ask to what extent we can be said to be free in believing what we want to believe. It is clear that we ought to believe only what is really so, at least in so far as it lies in our power to determine this, but reflection shows that, regrettably, we do not confine our beliefs to what we have evidence for, nor do we always believe in accordance with the evidence we do have. So it is natural to conclude that non-intellectual factors may be at work here; such, at least, was the view of Descartes, who attributed error to the influence of our will in leading us to assent to judgments which go beyond the evidence presented by our infallible intellect. This view has some initial plausibility when we think of cases in which emotional considerations lead people to take up and genuinely believe things they have no evidence for, but it is not a view which has received much support from modern philosophers. So, in Part 1 we will look at criticisms levelled against Descartes' view by J. L. Evans, and in Part 2 we will see how far Descartes can be defended. Our conclusions here will lead us to give in Part 3 a general account of the influence of the will in beliefs. We will suggest that we are always responsible for our explicit beliefs, even though it is not true that we can simply believe what we like. Thus we will reject the idea that a man can consciously know something, and at the same time, by will power, believe the opposite. Belief is not then totally free, but we will argue that people do sometimes form beliefs which go against what they should and could believe, and that this can in a way be put down to the influence of the will. Finally we will consider some of the ways in which it is possible to influence our beliefs by willed acts over a long period of time, though this is not the way that we clami that the will might be said to play a part in every judgment that we make.

scholarly journals [Report of the Secretary and Treasurer to the Royal Society], November 30, 1894

1895 ◽  
Vol 57 (340-346) ◽  
pp. 35-59
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Water Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Account ◽  
Trust Funds ◽  
Research Account

The Report of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s Accounts, on the part of the Society, was presented as follows :— “The total receipts on the General Account during the past year, including balances carried from the preceding year (£999 7 s . 11 d .) and the proceeds of the sale of stock, amount to £10,025 2 s . 10 d ., and the total receipts on account of Trust Funds, including balances from the preceding year and cash received for bonds drawn, amounted to £6,065 8 s . 2 d . The total expenditure for the same period amounted to £7,227 11 s . 10 d . on the General Account, and £4,086 6 s . 11 d . on account of Trust Funds, leaving a balance on the General Account of £2,780 7 s . 1 d . at the bankers’, which includes £500 Challenger Account, £1,700 Catalogue Account, and £247 8 s . 6 d . Water Research Account, and a balance of £17 3 s . 11 d . in the hands of the Treasurer; leaving also a balance at the bankers' on account of Trust Funds of £1,979 1 s . 3 d .

When Formulas Go Political: The Curious Case of Japan's Financial Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAYLOR C. MCMICHAEL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Distributive Politics ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
General Account ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Financial Index ◽  
Geographically Targeted

AbstractScholars of distributive politics in Japan have shifted from large items in the general account budget to more geographically targeted spending known as intergovernmental transfers. However, a portion of the funds sent to prefectural governments are ostensibly determined by the apolitical ‘financial index’. However, even though the financial index is included in most studies of intergovernmental transfers, only slight attention focuses on the financial index and its determination. Using prefectural level data on intergovernmental transfers, economic indicators and electoral support for the LDP, this research shows that the LDP possesses strong incentives to manipulate the index and that politics is a significant determinant of the financial index.

A new species and taxonomic changes relating to the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad, West Indies

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5020 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J.W. COCK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
General Account ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
A New Species

In preparation for a general account of the Notodontidae of Trinidad and Tobago, the following taxonomic acts are required. Apella [sic] ovalis Rothschild, 1917 (Notodontidae) is transferred to the combination Lephana ovalis (Rothschild) comb. nov. (Erebidae, Anobinae). Crinodes insularis Rothschild, 1917 stat. nov. is removed from synonymy with C. fuscipennis Rothschild, 1917. Oligocentria brunnipennis Kaye, 1923 stat rev. is reinstated as a valid species. The following are new synonyms: Anoba suffusa Hampson, 1924 syn. nov. of Lephana muffula Guenée, 1852 (Erebidae, Anobinae); Farigia xenopithia Druce, 1911 syn. nov. of F. magniplaga Schaus, 1905; Oligocentria guianensis Thiaucourt, 2015 syn. nov. of Oligocentria brunnipennis Kaye, 1923; Skaphita aroensis (Schaus, 1901) and S. sexnotata (Kaye, 1925) syn. nov. of S. cubana (Grote, 1865). The holotype of S. kalodonta (Kaye, 1923) is recognised. Skaphita indirae sp. nov. is described from Trinidad.  

XVI.—The Theory of Axisymmetric Determinants in the Historical Order of its Development up to 1860

1907 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 135-166
Author(s):  
Thomas Muir
Keyword(s):  
General Account ◽  
Interesting Paper ◽  
The Subject

A general account has already been given of this interesting paper—interesting as regards the subject, and interesting as being the author's first prentice effort. All that remains to be noticed here is what may be called Cayley's series of vanishing axisymmetric determinants.

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