scholarly journals Litter inputs and phosphatase activity affect the temporal variability of organic phosphorus in a tropical forest soil in the Central Amazon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karst J. Schaap ◽  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
Marcel R. Hoosbeek ◽  
Florian Hofhansl ◽  
Nathielly Pires Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P

Abstract Purpose The tropical phosphorus cycle and its relation to soil phosphorus (P) availability are a major uncertainty in projections of forest productivity. In highly weathered soils with low P concentrations, plant and microbial communities depend on abiotic and biotic processes to acquire P. We explored the seasonality and relative importance of drivers controlling the fluctuation of common P pools via processes such as litter production and decomposition, and soil phosphatase activity. Methods We analyzed intra-annual variation of tropical soil phosphorus pools using a modified Hedley sequential fractionation scheme. In addition, we measured litterfall, the mobilization of P from litter and soil extracellular phosphatase enzyme activity and tested their relation to fluctuations in P- fractions. Results Our results showed clear patterns of seasonal variability of soil P fractions during the year. We found that modeled P released during litter decomposition was positively related to change in organic P fractions, while net change in organic P fractions was negatively related to phosphatase activities in the top 5 cm. Conclusion We conclude that input of P by litter decomposition and potential soil extracellular phosphatase activity are the two main factors related to seasonal soil P fluctuations, and therefore the P economy in P impoverished soils. Organic soil P followed a clear seasonal pattern, indicating tight cycling of the nutrient, while reinforcing the importance of studying soil P as an integrated dynamic system in a tropical forest context.

scholarly journals Litter inputs and phosphatase activity control the temporal variability of organic phosphorus in a tropical forest soil in the Central Amazon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karst J. Schaap ◽  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
Marcel R. Hoosbeek ◽  
Florian Hofhansl ◽  
Nathielly Pires Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P

Abstract Purpose. The tropical phosphorus-cycle and its impacts on phosphorus (P) availability are a major uncertainty in projections of forest productivity. In highly weathered soils with low P concentrations, plant and microbial communities depend on biological and physical processes to acquire P. We explored the seasonality and relative importance of drivers controlling the fluctuation of common P pools via processes such as litter production and decomposition, and soil phosphatase activity. Methods. We analyzed variation of standard tropical soil phosphorus pools over one year. In addition, we measured litterfall, its decomposition rates and soil extracellular phosphatase enzyme activity and tested their relation to the fluctuations in P-fractions. Results. Our results show clear patterns of seasonal variability of soil P fractions during the year. We found that modeled P released during litter decomposition is positively related to change in organic P fractions, while net change in organic P fractions was negatively related to phosphatase activities in the top 5 cm. Conclusion. We conclude that input of organic P forms by litter decomposition and organically produced phosphatases are the two main factors controlling seasonal soil P fluctuation, and therefore the P economy in P impoverished soils. Organic soil P follows a clear seasonal pattern, indicating tight cycling of the nutrient, while reinforcing the importance of studying soil P as an integrated dynamic system in a tropical forest context.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
L. B. Braos ◽  
A. C. T. Bettiol ◽  
L. G. Di Santo ◽  
M. E. Ferreira ◽  
M. C. P. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

Responses of herbage yield and soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus fertilisation on a degraded arid steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangjun Wang ◽  
Zhibin He ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Du ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Low plant-available phosphorus (P) in degraded arid steppes greatly limits plant yields. However, whether exterior P addition will improve the soil P availability and thus increase plant yield in these degraded arid steppes is still not certain. In the current study, a severely degraded arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, with soil-available P <5 mg/kg, was fertilised annually with chemical or manure P for two years (2014, dry year; 2015, wet year). There were six fertilisation treatments: 0, 30 kg P/ha, 60 kg P/ha, 90 kg P/ha, 4000 kg sheep manure/ha (equalling 16.4 kg P/ha) and 8000 kg sheep manure/ha (32.8 kg P/ha). A pot experiment with Stipa krylovii (the dominant plant species in the tested steppe) and five P application rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg P/ha) was also conducted, under well-watered and nitrogen-fertilised conditions, using surface soils from unfertilised plots in the field. Results indicated that the tested soils had strong P adsorption capacity and weaker desorption capacity, and that the labile P fractions were quickly transformed into less labile fractions, reducing P availabilities. Overall, chemical P fertiliser resulted in the accumulation of Ca10-P and occluded P, whereas sheep manure resulted in the accumulation of moderately resistant organic P and highly resistant organic P. Phosphorus fertilisation was associated with an increase in plant P concentrations in both 2014 and 2015, and a low P rate (30 kg P/ha in the current study) was able to improve the aboveground biomass in both the field experiment in the wet year and the pot experiment under well-watered conditions. Thus, in degraded arid steppes, P fertilisation may be unnecessary in dry years. A low rate of P fertilisation is recommended in wet years to improve soil P status and steppe plant productivity.

scholarly journals A novel isotope pool dilution approach to quantify gross rates of key abiotic and biological processes in the soil phosphorus cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 3047-3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wanek ◽  
David Zezula ◽  
Daniel Wasner ◽  
Maria Mooshammer ◽  
Judith Prommer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Malachite Green Assay ◽  
P Cycle ◽  
Isotope Pool Dilution

Abstract. Efforts to understand and model the current and future behavior of the global phosphorus (P) cycle are limited by the availability of global data on rates of soil P processes, as well as their environmental controls. Here, we present a novel isotope pool dilution approach using 33P labeling of live and sterile soils, which allows for high-quality data on gross fluxes of soil inorganic P (Pi) sorption and desorption, as well as of gross fluxes of organic P mineralization and microbial Pi uptake to be obtained. At the same time, net immobilization of 33Pi by soil microbes and abiotic sorption can be easily derived and partitioned. Compared with other approaches, we used short incubation times (up to 48 h), avoiding tracer remineralization, which was confirmed by the separation of organic P and Pi using isobutanol fractionation. This approach is also suitable for strongly weathered and P-impoverished soils, as the sensitivity is increased by the extraction of exchangeable bioavailable Pi (Olsen Pi; 0.5 M NaHCO3) followed by Pi measurement using the malachite green assay. Biotic processes were corrected for desorption/sorption processes using adequate sterile abiotic controls that exhibited negligible microbial and extracellular phosphatase activities. Gross rates were calculated using analytical solutions of tracer kinetics, which also allowed for the study of gross soil P dynamics under non-steady-state conditions. Finally, we present major environmental controls of gross P-cycle processes that were measured for three P-poor tropical forest and three P-rich temperate grassland soils.

INFLUENCE OF TEXTURE AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE FORMS AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
I. P. O'HALLORAN ◽  
R. G. KACHANOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Labile Organic P

Changes in soil phosphorus (P) forms, as determined by a sequential fractionation procedure, were used to assess the influence of soil texture and management practices on the forms and distribution of soil P in a Brown Chernozemic loam soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Significant proportions of the variability of all P fractions except residual-P could be attributed to changes in sand content. Changes in the forms and distribution of soil P with decreasing sand content followed patterns similar to those associated with a weathering sequence. The proportion of total soil P in inorganic and organic extractable forms that were extractable sequentially with anion exchange resin (resin-Pi), sodium bicarbonate (bicarb-Pi and -Po), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH-Pi and -Po) increased with decreasing sand content. Acid-extractable inorganic P (HCl-Pi) was the only P fraction positively correlated with sand content. The presence of a crop increased the proportion of soil P present as the more labile organic-P fractions (bicarb-Po and NaOH-Po) but not as total soil organic P (soil-Po). The presence of a crop also increased the proportion of soil P present as the labile inorganic fractions (resin-Pi and bicarb-Pi), possibly due to a decrease in soil pH. Application of inorganic-P fertilizer caused significant increases in the proportion of soil P as these labile inorganic-P fractions (resin-Pi and bicarb-Pi) and as total soil organic-P (soil-Po), but did not affect the more labile organic-P fractions. Key words: P fractionation, labile P, organic P, inorganic P, texture, management practices

scholarly journals A novel isotope pool dilution approach to quantify gross rates of key abiotic and biological processes in the soil phosphorus cycle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wanek ◽  
David Zezula ◽  
Daniel Wasner ◽  
Maria Mooshammer ◽  
Judith Prommer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Malachite Green Assay ◽  
P Cycle ◽  
Isotope Pool Dilution

Abstract. Efforts to understand and model the current and future behavior of the global phosphorus (P) cycle are limited by the availability of global data on gross rates of soil P processes, as well as its environmental controls. We here present a novel isotope pool dilution approach using 33P labelling of live and sterile soils, which allows to obtain high quality data on gross fluxes of soil inorganic P (Pi) sorption and desorption, as well as of gross fluxes of organic P mineralization and microbial Pi uptake. At the same time, net immobilization of 33Pi by soil microbes and abiotic sorption can be easily derived and partitioned. Compared to other approaches, we used short incubation times (up to 48 h), avoiding tracer re-mineralization, which was confirmed by separation of organic P and Pi using isobutanol fractionation. This approach is also suitable for strongly weathered and P impoverished soils, as sensitivity is increased by extraction of exchangeable bio-available Pi (Olsen Pi; 0.5 M NaHCO3) followed by Pi measurement using the malachite green assay. Biotic processes were corrected for desorption/sorption processes by using adequate sterile abiotic controls that exhibited negligible microbial and extracellular phosphatase activities. Gross rates are calculated using analytical solutions of tracer kinetics, which also allows to study gross soil P dynamics under non-steady-state conditions. Finally, we present major environmental controls of gross and net P cycle processes that were measured for three P-poor tropical forest and three P-rich temperate grassland soils.

SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL TEXTURE AND MANAGEMENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. O’HALLORAN ◽  
R. G. KACHANOSKI ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Texture Removal

The spatial variability of soil phosphorus (0–15 cm) and its relationship to management and texture was examined on an ongoing (since 1967) crop rotation study located on a Brown Chernozemic loam soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Total soil P was less variable than either the total inorganic (Pi) or organic (Po) phosphorus fractions. The same was found for the sodium bicarbonate extractable P (bicarb-P) fractions, although they were more variable. The spatial variability of the measured P fractions indicated that the site was not uniformly variable. Texture varied significantly within and between treatments and replicates with sand being the most variable. Up to 90% of the variability in P could be accounted for by changes in texture. Considering this, sampling intensity could be significantly reduced in a study of temporal changes in soil P on the experimental site. Organic P (both total and bicarb-Po) and bicarb-Pi were negatively correlated to sand content. The influence of managment on soil phosphorus varied with texture. Removal of treatment effects over the textural ranges encountered and the non-uniform variability of the various soil parameters measured in this study demonstrated the importance of obtaining a complete knowledge of the spatial variability of the experimental site. Key words: Inorganic P, organic P, soil variability, bicarbonate extractable P, soil uniformity

Effect of 20 annual applications of excess feedlot manure on labile soil phosphorus

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Total P

Concentrations were measured of various forms of soil P in the Ap horizon of a Lethbridge loam (Dark Brown Chernozemic) brought about by 20 yr of feedlot manure loading or 14 yr of feedlot manure loading + 6 yr of no further additions under both nonirrigated and irrigated conditions. Depth of cultivation affected the concentrations of the various P fractions. Although total P and phosphatase activity increased with manure additions, these increases diminished at triple the recommended loading rates. Increased phosphatase activities never rose above those of the soil from ungrazed native prairie. Irrigation increased the phosphatase activity of the control treatment. Concentrations of total P remained well above those of the control plots, even after 6 yr without any additional manure loading. New approaches to the estimation of P fractions are needed to understand P in land used for manure disposal. Key words: Phosphatase activity, labile phosphorus, pollution, phosphorus harvesting, cultivation depth

scholarly journals Comparison of fractionation methods for soil phosphorus with soils subjected to various long-term fertilization regimes on a calcareous soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Changlu Hu ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Shulan Zhang ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P

Background Diverse phosphorus (P) fractionation procedures presented varying soil P fractions, which directly affected P contents and forms, and their biological availability. Purpose To facilitate the selection of phosphorus (P) fractionation techniques, we compared two procedures based on a long-term experiment on a calcareous soil. Methods The soils containing a gradient P levels were sampled from seven treatments predictor under various long-term fertilizations. The P fractions were then separated independently with both fractionation procedures modified by Tiessen-Moir and Jiang-Gu. Results The results showed that the labile P in Jiang-Gu is significantly lower than that in Tiessen-Moir. The iron and aluminium-bounded P were greater in Jiang-Gu by a maximum of 46 mg kg−1 than Tiessen-Moir. Jiang-Gu fractionation gave similar Ca bounded P to that Tiessen-Moir did at low P level but greater contents at high P level. The two methods extracted much comparable total inorganic P. However, Tiessen-Moir method accounted less total organic P than ignition or Jiang-Gu method (the organic P (Po) estimated by subtract the total inorganic P (Pi) in Jiang-Gu fractionation from the total). P uptake by winter wheat was significantly and positively correlated with all phosphorus fractions in Jiang-Gu; Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, D. HCl-P, C. HCl-Pi, NaOH-Po, total-Po in Tiessen-Moir; P fraction categories of Ca-P, Fe & Al-P and total-Pi in both fractionations. Path coefficients indicated that Ca2-P in Jiang-Gu, NaHCO3-Pi and D. HCl-P in Tiessen-Moir had the higher and more significant direct contributions to P uptake among P fractions measured. Conclusions Our results suggested that Jiang-Gu procedure is a better predictor in soil P fractionation in calcareous soils, although it gives no results on organic P fractions.

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