Responses of herbage yield and soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus fertilisation on a degraded arid steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangjun Wang ◽  
Zhibin He ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Du ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Low plant-available phosphorus (P) in degraded arid steppes greatly limits plant yields. However, whether exterior P addition will improve the soil P availability and thus increase plant yield in these degraded arid steppes is still not certain. In the current study, a severely degraded arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, with soil-available P <5 mg/kg, was fertilised annually with chemical or manure P for two years (2014, dry year; 2015, wet year). There were six fertilisation treatments: 0, 30 kg P/ha, 60 kg P/ha, 90 kg P/ha, 4000 kg sheep manure/ha (equalling 16.4 kg P/ha) and 8000 kg sheep manure/ha (32.8 kg P/ha). A pot experiment with Stipa krylovii (the dominant plant species in the tested steppe) and five P application rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg P/ha) was also conducted, under well-watered and nitrogen-fertilised conditions, using surface soils from unfertilised plots in the field. Results indicated that the tested soils had strong P adsorption capacity and weaker desorption capacity, and that the labile P fractions were quickly transformed into less labile fractions, reducing P availabilities. Overall, chemical P fertiliser resulted in the accumulation of Ca10-P and occluded P, whereas sheep manure resulted in the accumulation of moderately resistant organic P and highly resistant organic P. Phosphorus fertilisation was associated with an increase in plant P concentrations in both 2014 and 2015, and a low P rate (30 kg P/ha in the current study) was able to improve the aboveground biomass in both the field experiment in the wet year and the pot experiment under well-watered conditions. Thus, in degraded arid steppes, P fertilisation may be unnecessary in dry years. A low rate of P fertilisation is recommended in wet years to improve soil P status and steppe plant productivity.

scholarly journals Litter inputs and phosphatase activity affect the temporal variability of organic phosphorus in a tropical forest soil in the Central Amazon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karst J. Schaap ◽  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
Marcel R. Hoosbeek ◽  
Florian Hofhansl ◽  
Nathielly Pires Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P

Abstract Purpose The tropical phosphorus cycle and its relation to soil phosphorus (P) availability are a major uncertainty in projections of forest productivity. In highly weathered soils with low P concentrations, plant and microbial communities depend on abiotic and biotic processes to acquire P. We explored the seasonality and relative importance of drivers controlling the fluctuation of common P pools via processes such as litter production and decomposition, and soil phosphatase activity. Methods We analyzed intra-annual variation of tropical soil phosphorus pools using a modified Hedley sequential fractionation scheme. In addition, we measured litterfall, the mobilization of P from litter and soil extracellular phosphatase enzyme activity and tested their relation to fluctuations in P- fractions. Results Our results showed clear patterns of seasonal variability of soil P fractions during the year. We found that modeled P released during litter decomposition was positively related to change in organic P fractions, while net change in organic P fractions was negatively related to phosphatase activities in the top 5 cm. Conclusion We conclude that input of P by litter decomposition and potential soil extracellular phosphatase activity are the two main factors related to seasonal soil P fluctuations, and therefore the P economy in P impoverished soils. Organic soil P followed a clear seasonal pattern, indicating tight cycling of the nutrient, while reinforcing the importance of studying soil P as an integrated dynamic system in a tropical forest context.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

Decreases in soil P availability are associated with soil organic P declines following forest conversion in subtropical China

CATENA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 105459
Author(s):  
Liuming Yang ◽  
Zhijie Yang ◽  
Xiaojian Zhong ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Yanyu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conversion ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Availability

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus bioavailability as influenced by long-term management and applied phosphorus source

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-304
Author(s):  
Tandra D. Fraser ◽  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Ivan P. O’Halloran ◽  
R. Paul Voroney ◽  
Martin H. Entz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Term Management

Soil phosphorus (P) availability may be impacted by management practices, thereby affecting plant P uptake and plant response to P amendments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term management on soil P pools and to assess the response of P bioavailability, plant growth, and P uptake to mineral versus manure P treatments. Soils were collected from plots under organic (ORG), organic with composted manure (ORG + M), conventional (CONV), and restored prairie (PRA) management. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 106 d in soils amended with various rates of manure or mineral P. The ORG soil had lower concentrations of labile P (resin-P and NaHCO3-P) compared with the CONV and PRA soils, as determined by sequential P fractionation prior to planting. Ryegrass biomass (root + shoot) and shoot P uptake from soils receiving no P were significantly lower for the ORG than all other management systems. Although apparent P use efficiency of the whole plant was increased by low P rate in the ORG management system, the source of applied P, manure > mineral, only influenced Olsen test P.

Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
L. B. Braos ◽  
A. C. T. Bettiol ◽  
L. G. Di Santo ◽  
M. E. Ferreira ◽  
M. C. P. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

scholarly journals Effects of air-drying and freezing on phosphorus fractions in soils with different organic matter contents

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Xu ◽  
J.N. Sun ◽  
R.F. Xu ◽  
Y.C. Lv ◽  
H.B. Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Labile P

Little is known about the effects of air-drying and freezing on the transformation of phosphorus (P) fractions in soils. It is important that the way in which soils respond to such perturbations is better understood as there are implications for both P availability and loss to surface waters from soils. In this study, the effects of air-drying and freezing were investigated using two soils, one being a forest soil (FS) high in organic matter and the other being a sterile soil (SS) low in organic matter. Soil P was fractionated using a modified Hedley fractionation method to examine the changes of phosphorus fractions induced by air-drying and freezing. Generally, there were no significant differences of total phosphorus among the three treatments (CV% &lt; 10%). Compared with field moist soils, freezing the soil evoked few changes on phosphorus fractions except that the resin-P increased in FS soil. On the contrary, air-drying significantly changed the distribution of phosphors fractions for both soils: increased the labile-P (especially resin-P) and organic-P (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po, NaOH-Po and Con.HCl-Po) at the expense of NaOH-Pi and occlude-P (Dil.HCl-P and Con.HCl-Pi). Resin-P significantly increased by 31% for SS soil and by 121% for FS soil upon air-drying. The effect of air-drying seemed to be more pronounced in the FS soil with high organic matter content. These results indicated that drying seem to drive the P transformation form occlude-P to labile-P and organic-P and accelerated the weathering of stable P pool. This potentially could be significant for soil P supply to plants and P losses from soils to surface waters under changing patterns of rainfall and temperature as predicted by some climate change scenarios. &nbsp;

Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Soil phosphorus (P) buffer capacity is the change in the quantity of sorbed P required per unit change in solution P concentration. Because P availability to crops is mainly determined by solution P concentration, as P buffer capacity increases, so does the quantity of P required to maintain a solution P concentration that is adequate for crop demand. Bicarbonate-extractable P using the Colwell method is the most common soil P test used in Australia, and Colwell-P can be considered to estimate P quantity. Therefore, as P buffer capacity increases, the Colwell-P concentration required for maximum yield also increases. Data from several published and unpublished studies are used to derive relationships between the ‘critical’ Colwell-P value (Colwell-P at 90% maximum yield) and the single-point P buffer index (PBI) for annual medics, soybean, potato, wheat, and temperate pasture. The rate of increase in critical Colwell-P with increasing PBI increases in the order: temperate pasture < medics < wheat < potato. Indicative critical Colwell-P values are given for the 5 crops at each of the PBI categories used to describe soil P buffer capacity as it increases from extremely low to very high.

Comparison of Mehlich 3, AL and artificial root exudates containing extractants for soil phosphorus analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonu Tonutare ◽  
Gert Kaldmae ◽  
Tiina Köster ◽  
Kadri Krebstein ◽  
Ako Rodima
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations

&lt;p&gt;Due to increase of fertilizers prices and tightening of environmental protection requirements the need for efficient use of fertilizers has increased. At moment over the word huge number of different methods for determination of soil plant available phosphorus (PAP) are in use. Due to unequal extraction ability of extractants have each method own specific gradation to evaluate the soil P class. Allmost all widely used PAP extraction methods are developed in last century, mostly more than fifty years ago and often there is not possible to found information how the P status classes and fertilizer recommendations are determined for each method is determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The content of PAP in soil is difficult to estimate because soil pH has a strong effect to soil&amp;#160; - solution chemistry. Therefore extracting&amp;#160; soils with higly buffered solutions as for example Mehlich 3 can give overestimated results. The acidic Mehlich&amp;#160; 3 extactant can solubilize relatively insoluble Ca- Fe- and Al phosphates. Also the AL (acetate-lactate) method uses the buffered extraction solution and may influence the amount of extracted PAP. The most realistic conditions for PAP extraction can give the extraction solution which mimic the soil environment that has actively growing roots.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of our research was to investigate the extraction of PAP with extragent similar by chemical composition to soil solution with root exudates proposed by Haney et al (2010).&amp;#160; The obtained results were compared with Mehlich 3 and AL methods results.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ref.: Haney, R.L., Haney, E.B., Hossner, L.R., Arnold, J,G. 2010. Modification to the New Soil Extractant H3A-1: A Multinutrient Extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41:1513-1523.&lt;/p&gt;

Environmental risk indicators for soil phosphorus status

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Highly Correlated

Biologically available phosphorus (P) is divided operationally into two sources, dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable particulate P (BPP). Dilute CaCl2-extractable soil P (CaCl2-P) is considered to be the benchmark method for estimating DRP in soils, whereas P desorbed to iron-oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) is the benchmark method for BPP in soils and sediments. Neither of these methods is in routine use in Australia. Selected soil P analyses were carried out on 31 diverse surface soils to develop relationships between the environmental benchmark methods and the routine soil P tests of Colwell-P, Olsen-P, and the single-point P buffer index (PBI). The index (Colwell-P/PBI) was highly correlated with CaCl2-P (r = 0.925, P < 0.001), and both Olsen-P and Colwell-P were highly correlated with FeO-P (r = 0.955 and 0.828, respectively; P < 0.001). It is suggested that these measures can be used as environmental risk indicators for soil P status. The critical values of these measures for optimum productivity were compared to the values of these measures corresponding to threshold values of currently used environmental risk indicators.

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