Designing a Biogas Plant for an Educational and Scientific Livestock Complex

To design biogas plants, it is necessary to have accurate data about the properties and biogas productivity of the available substrates. Reference data should not be used because the performance of the same substrate can vary significantly. In this research,chicken, horse, sheep and rabbit manure from one of the farms inthe Belgorod region of Russia were analyzed, and the parameters of a biogas station for the processing of this raw material were calculated.The biogas yield of the substrates was determined using the Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test. It was found that the specific biogas yield from the droppings of broilers, laying hens, rabbits, sheep, and horses, and from corn silage were, respectively, 456, 363, 390, 189, 116 and 618 ml/g оDM. The methane content in the biogas was 58.00, 58.50, 57.00, 62.00, 65.00 and 53.60%, respectively. In most cases, the obtained results differed significantly from the data presented in publications of other researchers and reference books.The biogas plant parameter calculations were made according to generally accepted equations, taking into account the characteristics of the studied substrates. Based on the results, it can be concluded that to dispose of the animal excrement of this farm, it is necessary to build a biogas plant with a bioreactor of volume 102.2 m3 and an engine with a power of 12 to 31 kW. The planned output of electric and thermal energy would be 246.19 and 410.27 kWh/day, respectively. Keywords: Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test, rabbit manure, horse dung, sheep manure, chicken droppings, biogas yield of substrates

Effects of Two Varieties and Fertilization Regimes on Growth, Fruit, and Silymarin Yield of Milk Thistle Crop

Milk thistle is an alternative crop to winter cereals for southern Europe as this species is drought tolerant and its fruits contain silymarin. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two varieties and fertilization regimes (sheep manure and inorganic fertilizer) on crop productivity. A two-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized split-plot design with three replicates. The varieties were Palaionterveno and Spata, while the fertilization treatments were control, sheep manure, and calcium ammonium nitrate applied at 75 and 125 kg N ha−1. Variety and fertilization significantly affected plants development and productivity, as well as oil and silymarin yield. The use of manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer increased rosette diameter, oil and silymarin yield, above-ground biomass, and fruit yield. The influence of inorganic fertilization, regardless of the application dose, was more apparent than organic fertilization. Moreover, variety significantly affected plants growth and silymarin content, as well as silymarin composition. The variety Spata had the greatest silymarin content, reaching 4.40%, and a high silybin B concentration. In conclusion, the selection of a suitable variety is important for achieving high fruit and silymarin yields, while inorganic nitrogen fertilization can maximize the productivity of the milk thistle crop.

Prospective measures of control and prevention of Helminthosis among agricultural animals in animal complexes

Prospect of timely cleaning of livestock complexes from accumulated manure prevents environmental pollution. For this purpose, the most promising was the “cold” method of dehelminthization of a heap of manure, complete neutralization of chicken manure when heated and dried at temperatures above 100 °C, a “dry” method for neutralizing horse, pig, cow, sheep manure from helminth eggs using the Kranz biothermal method. For dehelminthization of humans and animals, science has recommended, and practice has successfully tested a fairly large, constantly growing and updated range of highly effective anthelmintics, mainly for gastrointestinal and partially for pulmonary helminthiasis.

ESTERCO OVINO AUMENTA A CAPACIDADE DE RETENÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO DO CARIRI PARAIBANO

ESTERCO OVINO AUMENTA A CAPACIDADE DE RETENÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO DO CARIRI PARAIBANO LUCYELLY DÂMELA ARAÚJO BORBOREMA1; PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA2; PRISCYLLA MARQUES DE OLIVEIRA VIANA3; YANKA BEATRIZ GONÇALVES BATISTA4; MATHEUS CAVALCANTE DA SILVA5 E RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ6 1. Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 2 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, n° 882, Bairro Universitário, CEP 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. [email protected]. 3 Departamento de Agroecologia e Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Sítio Imbaúba, S/N, Zona Rural, CEP 58117-000, Lagoa Seca, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 5 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 6 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO A matéria orgânica do solo contribui para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas, pois, influencia os atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, estabilizando a produtividade dos agroecossistemas. O teor de matéria orgânica no solo beneficia o aumento da capacidade de troca de cátions, assegurando os nutrientes no solo e reduzindo suas perdas por lixiviação. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar doses de esterco ovino para retenção e manutenção de água no solo na Microrregião do Cariri paraibano. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis doses de esterco ovino (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%, m/m) e quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações de pesagem durante seis dias, a cada 24 h, para a determinação da porcentagem de água disponível em relação à massa seca do solo (m/m). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro e as médias das doses de esterco foram submetidas a regressão polinomial. O esterco ovino aumenta a capacidade de retenção e manutenção da água no solo do Cariri paraibano, sendo uma alternativa para a atenuação dos problemas ocasionados pela perda de água por lixiviação e, por conseguinte, melhorando a capacidade produtiva do solo e vida dos produtores. Keywords: matéria orgânica, nutrientes no solo, status hídrico. BORBOREMA, L. D. A.; COSTA, P. S.; VIANA, P. M. O.; BATISTA, Y. B. G.; SILVA, M. C.; FERRAZ, R. L. S. SHEEP MANURE INCREASES THE WATER HOLDING AND MAINTENANCE CAPACITY OF SOIL IN THE CARIRI PARAIBANO REGION 2 ABSTRACT Soil organic matter contributes to the sustainability of agricultural systems, as it influences the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil, stabilizing the productivity of agroecosystems. The organic matter content in the soil benefits the increase of the cation exchange capacity, ensuring the nutrients in the soil and reducing its losses due to leaching. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate different doses of sheep manure for retention and maintenance of water in the soil in the Microregion of Cariri, in Paraíba state. The design used was completely randomized with six doses of sheep manure (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, w/w) and four replications. Weighing evaluations were carried out for six days, every 24 h, to determine the percentage of available water in relation to the soil dry mass (w/w). Data were subjected to analysis of variance at a 5% probability of error and means of sheep manure doses were submitted to polynomial regression. Sheep manure increases the capacity of retaining and maintaining water in the soil of Cariri, in Paraíba state, being an alternative to alleviate the problems caused by the loss of water through leaching and, therefore, improving the productive capacity of the soil and the life of producers. Keywords: organic matter, soil nutrients, water status.

Application of different fertilizers to cabernet sauvignon vines: Effects on grape aroma accumulation

BACKGROUND: Vine nutrition affects the composition of grapes, but how it impacts the aroma of grapes is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilizers: chemical fertilizer (CF), sheep manure-based organic fertilizer (OF), 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer (O + C), 25% organic fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer [1/2(O + C)], and soil conditioner (SC) on the aroma accumulation of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. METHODS: The treatments were applied and samples were collected in 2019 at weekly intervals from August 7 to September 22. The grapes’ chemical characteristics and volatile compounds were analyzed. RESULTS: The chemical results showed that the treatments had a positive effect on grapes, with a strong preference for the 1/2(O + C) treatment. Grape aroma results showed that the concentrations of grape aromas in O + C-treated samples were lower than the other treatments. The OF treated samples had comparatively high (24.8%) volatile concentrations during maturity compared to other treatments, including the control (15.9%). Throughout development, samples treated with OF (17.4%) and CF (15.7%) had higher volatile concentrations than samples treated with SC (14.4%), 1/2(O + C) (12.8%), and O + C (12.4%). However, compared to SC-treated samples, samples treated with 1/2(O + C) increased the accumulation of terpenes and esters. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that samples treated with OF were strongly correlated to carbonyls, terpenes, and esters during maturity. CONCLUSION: The type and ratio of fertilizer used had a significant impact on the aroma profile of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes.

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF FRUITS OF CONVENTIONALLY AND ORGANICALLY GROWN FIG1

ABSTRACT Fig (Ficus carica L.) is widely accepted due to its organoleptic and pharmacological properties. Search for innovations to improve the crop management has increased to reduce environmental impacts and improve the organoleptic quality and food safety of the fruits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of fertilization methods and plant training systems on the production and physicochemical traits of fig. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three blocks and three plants per plot. The factors corresponded to five fertilizers (chemical, cattle manure, sheep manure, poultry litter, and organic compost) and four training systems (two branches, three branches, four branches, and espalier). Results showed that, when using chemical fertilizer and poultry litter, plants showed similar productivity and number of fruits, which had similar firmness, length, and peel color (L and °h). The highest production and number of immature fruits were obtained using cattle manure. Soluble solids content and soluble solids content/ titratable acidity ratio were higher in fruits from plants fertilized with cattle manure, sheep manure, and organic compost. On the other hand, plants trained with three and four branches or in espalier produced fruits with the highest soluble solids content and weight. Also, heavier fruits were obtained using chemical fertilization and conducting plants with two, three, and four branches.