Key natural impacting factors of China’s human population distribution

Abstract. In Bangladesh, socio-economic and hydrological processes are both extremely dynamic and inter-related. Human population patterns are often explained as a response, or adaptation strategy, to physical events, e.g. flooding, salt-water intrusion, and erosion. Meanwhile, these physical processes are exacerbated, or mitigated, by diverse human interventions, e.g. river diversion, levees and polders. In this context, this paper describes an attempt to explore the complex interplay between floods and societies in Bangladeshi floodplains. In particular, we performed a spatially-distributed analysis of the interactions between the dynamics of human settlements and flood inundation patterns. To this end, we used flooding simulation results from inundation modelling, LISFLOOD-FP, as well as global datasets of population distribution data, such as the Gridded Population of the World (20 years, from 1990 to 2010) and HYDE datasets (310 years, from 1700 to 2010). The outcomes of this work highlight the behaviour of Bangladeshi floodplains as complex human–water systems and indicate the need to go beyond the traditional narratives based on one-way cause–effects, e.g. climate change leading to migrations.

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Estimating the cost of a telecommunications network using the fractal structure of the human population distribution

IEE Proceedings - Communications ◽

10.1049/ip-com:19951934 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 142 (3) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Appleby

Keyword(s):

Human Population ◽

Fractal Structure ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Telecommunications Network ◽

The Cost

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Quantifying the Potential Contribution of Urban Forest to PM2.5 Removal in the City of Shanghai, China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12091171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1171

Author(s):

Biao Zhang ◽

Zixia Xie ◽

Xinlu She ◽

Jixi Gao

Keyword(s):

Human Population ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Insufficient Amount ◽

Vertical Planting ◽

Building Walls ◽

The City

Climate change and air pollution pose multiple health threats to humans through complex and interacting pathways, whereas urban vegetation can improve air quality by influencing pollutant deposition and dispersion. This study estimated the amount of PM2.5 removal by the urban forest in the city of Shanghai by using remote sensing data of vegetation and a model approach. We also identified its potential contribution of urban forest presence in relation to human population and particulate matter concentration. Results show that the urban forest in Shanghai reached 46,161 ha in 2017, and could capture 874 t of PM2.5 with an average of 18.94 kg/ha. There are significant spatial heterogeneities in the role of different forest communities and administrative districts in removing PM2.5. Although PM2.5 removal was relatively harmonized with the human population distribution in terms of space, approximately 57.41% of the urban forest presented low coupling between removal capacity and PM2.5 concentration. Therefore, we propose to plant more trees with high removal capacity of PM2.5 in the western areas of Shanghai, and increase vertical planting in bridge pillars and building walls to compensate the insufficient amount of urban forest in the center area.

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POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HUMAN IMPACT AND BIODIVERSITY: THE CASE OF THE FIRE-BELLIED TOAD (BOMBINA BOMBINA) IN EUROPE

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2019vol1.4099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Volodymyr Tytar ◽

Oksana Nekrasova ◽

Mihails Pupins

Keyword(s):

Human Impact ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Human Population ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Model Building ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Habitat Modification ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Ecological Requirements ◽

Bioclimatic Variables

Habitat modification affects amphibians indirectly by reducing energy reserves and energy allocated to growth and reproduction, and by affecting population dynamics and viability. Marginal populations of amphibians in Latvia and Ukraine are particularly vulnerable. On the other hand, several studies have shown a positive relationship between human density and biodiversity, indicating that species-rich areas and human enterprises quite often co-occur. Therefore, both positive and negative correlations between human population and species richness may be expected. For a better understanding of what constitutes suitable habitat we used a habitat modeling approach, where modeling can be used for revealing species ecological requirements and relationships between the distribution of species and predictive variables, as well as the importance of each variable in model building. Here we employed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) niche modeling, as a tool to assess potential habitat suitability (HS) for amphibians in Europe, making special emphasis on anthropogenic impact. We used 2474 georeferenced point data (783 - B. bombina occurrence, and to compare results 1691 - L. vulgaris), including results of our field investigations in Latvia and Ukraine. The predictor variables used for modelling the toad species HS suitability were of climate derived from the WorldClim database (19 bioclimatic variables). Human impact was assessed by the Human Footprint (HF), produced through an overlay of a number of global data layers that represent the location of various factors presumed to exert an influence on ecosystems: human population distribution, urban areas, roads, navigable rivers, and various agricultural land uses. Using the Spearman rank correlation, a low, however statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.05), was found between the predicted HS and the HF.

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Global and country-level estimates of human population at high altitude

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2102463118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (18) ◽

pp. e2102463118

Author(s):

Joshua C. Tremblay ◽

Philip N. Ainslie

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Human Population ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Country Level ◽

Elevation Data ◽

Terrain Elevation ◽

Global Population ◽

Absolute Population ◽

Epidemiology And Public Health

Estimates of the global population of humans living at high altitude vary widely, and such data at the country level are unavailable. Herein, we use a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to quantify human population at 500-m elevation intervals for each country. Based on georeferenced data for population (LandScan Global 2019) and elevation (Global Multiresolution Terrain Elevation Data), 500.3 million humans live at ≥1,500 m, 81.6 million at ≥2,500 m, and 14.4 million at ≥3,500 m. Ethiopia has the largest absolute population at ≥1,500 m and ≥2,500 m, while China has the greatest at ≥3,500 m. Lesotho has the greatest percentage of its population above 1,500 m, while Bolivia has the greatest at ≥2,500 m and ≥3,500 m. High altitude presents a myriad of environmental stresses that provoke physiological responses and adaptation, and consequently impact disease prevalence and severity. While the majority of high-altitude physiology research is based upon lowlanders from western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries ascending to high altitude, the global population distribution of high-altitude residents encourages an increased emphasis on understanding high-altitude physiology, adaptation, epidemiology, and public health in the ∼500 million permanent high-altitude residents.

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