bioclimatic variables
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Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Haoxiang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqing Xian ◽  
Zihua Zhao ◽  
Guifen Zhang ◽  
Wanxue Liu ◽  
...  

Helicoverpa zea, a well-documented and endemic pest throughout most of the Americas, affecting more than 100 species of host plants. It is a quarantine pest according to the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) and the catalog of quarantine pests for plants imported to the People’s Republic of China. Based on 1781 global distribution records of H. zea and eight bioclimatic variables, the potential geographical distributions (PGDs) of H. zea were predicted by using a calibrated MaxEnt model. The contribution rate of bioclimatic variables and the jackknife method were integrated to assess the significant variables governing the PGDs. The response curves of bioclimatic variables were quantitatively determined to predict the PGDs of H. zea under climate change. The results showed that: (1) four out of the eight variables contributed the most to the model performance, namely, mean diurnal range (bio2), precipitation seasonality (bio15), precipitation of the driest quarter (bio17) and precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18); (2) PGDs of H. zea under the current climate covered 418.15 × 104 km2, and were large in China; and (3) future climate change will facilitate the expansion of PGDs for H. zea under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) 1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 in both the 2030s and 2050s. The conversion of unsuitable to low suitability habitat and moderately to high suitability habitat increased by 8.43% and 2.35%, respectively. From the present day to the 2030s, under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, the centroid of the suitable habitats of H. zea showed a general tendency to move eastward; from 2030s to the 2050s, under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, it moved southward, and it moved slightly northward under SSP2-4.5. According to bioclimatic conditions, H. zea has a high capacity for colonization by introduced individuals in China. Customs ports should pay attention to host plants and containers of H. zea and should exchange information to strengthen plant quarantine and pest monitoring, thus enhancing target management.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiping Jiang ◽  
Meng Zou ◽  
Yu Qin ◽  
Guodong Tan ◽  
Sipei Huang ◽  
...  

Fritillaria species, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine for more than 2,000 years, have become rare resources due to excessive harvesting. In order to balance the economical requirement and ecological protection of Fritillaria species, it is necessary to determine (1) the important environmental variables that were responsible for the spatial distribution, (2) distribution change in response to climate change in the future, (3) ecological niche overlap between various Fritillaria species, and (4) the correlation between spatial distribution and phylogenies as well. In this study, the areas with potential ecological suitability for Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria unibracteata, and Fritillaria przewalskii were predicted using MaxEnt based on the current occurrence records and bioclimatic variables. The result indicated that precipitation and elevation were the most important environmental variables for the three species. Moreover, the current suitable habitats of F. cirrhosa, F. unibracteata, and F. przewalskii encompassed 681,951, 481,607, and 349,199 km2, respectively. Under the scenario of the highest concentration of greenhouse gas emission (SSP585), the whole suitable habitats of F. cirrhosa and F. przewalskii reach the maximum from 2021 to 2100, while those of F. unibracteata reach the maximum from 2021 to 2100 under the scenario of moderate emission (SSP370) from 2021 to 2100. The MaxEnt data were also used to predict the ecological niche overlap, and thus high overlap occurring among three Fritillaria species was observed. The niche overlap of three Fritillaria species was related to the phylogenetic analysis despite the non-significance (P > 0.05), indicating that spatial distribution was one of the factors that contributed to the speciation diversification. Additionally, we predicted species-specific habitats to decrease habitat competition. Overall, the information obtained in this study provided new insight into the potential distribution and ecological niche of three species for the conservation and management in the future.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jiao Zhu ◽  
Sheng-Nan Zhang ◽  
Kana Watanabe ◽  
Kako Kawakami ◽  
Noriko Kubota ◽  
...  

The genus Platycerus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) is a small stag beetle group, which is adapted to cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in East Asia. Ten Platycerus species in Japan form a monophyletic clade endemic to Japan and inhabit species-specific climatic zones. They are reported to have co-evolutionary associations with their yeast symbionts of the genus Sheffersomyces based on host cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and yeast intergenic spacer (IGS) phylogenies. Here we examined the heat tolerances of the yeast colonies isolated from the mycangia of 37 females belonging ten Japanese Platycerus species. The upper limits of growth and survival temperatures of each colony were decided by cultivating it at ten temperature levels between 17.5 and 40°C. Although both temperatures varied during 25.0–31.25°C, the maximum survival temperatures (MSTs) were a little higher than the maximum growth temperatures (MGTs) in 16 colonies. Pearson’s correlations between these temperatures and environmental factors (elevation and 19 bioclimatic variables from Worldclim database) of host beetle collection sites were calculated. These temperatures were significantly correlated with elevation negatively, the maximum temperature of the warmest month (Bio5) positively, and some precipitative variables, especially in the warm season (Bio12, 13, 16, 18) negatively. Sympatric Platycerus kawadai and Platycerus albisomni share the same lineage of yeast symbionts that exhibit the same heat tolerance, but the elevational lower range limit of P. kawadai is higher than that of P. albisomni. Based on the field survey in their sympatric site, the maximum temperature of host wood of P. kawadai larvae is higher about 2–3°C than that of P. albisomni larvae in the summer, which may restrict the elevational range of P. kawadai to higher area. In conclusion, it is suggested that the heat tolerance of yeast symbionts restricts the habitat range of their host Platycerus species or/and that the environmental condition that host Platycerus species prefers affect the heat tolerance of its yeast symbionts.


Author(s):  
Erik Kusch ◽  
Richard Davy

Abstract Advances in climate science have rendered obsolete the gridded observation data widely used in downstream applications. Novel climate reanalysis products outperform legacy data products in accuracy, temporal resolution, and provision of uncertainty metrics. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a workflow through which to integrate these improved data into biological analyses. The ERA5 product family (ERA5 and ERA5-Land) are the latest and most advanced global reanalysis products created by the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). These data products offer up to 83 essential climate variables (ECVs) at hourly intervals for the time-period of 1981 to today with preliminary back-extensions being available for 1950-1981. Spatial resolutions range from 30x30km (ERA5) to 11x11km (ERA5-Land) and can be statistically downscaled to study-requirements at finer spatial resolutions. Kriging is one such method to interpolate data to finer resolutions and has the advantages that one can leverage additional covariate information and obtain the uncertainty associated with the downscaling. The KrigR R-package enables users to (1) download ERA5(-Land) climate reanalysis data for a user-specified region, and time-period, (2) aggregate these climate products to desired temporal resolutions and metrics, (3) acquire topographical co-variates, and (4) statistically downscale spatial data to a user-specified resolution using co-variate data via kriging. KrigR can execute all these tasks in a single function call, thus enabling the user to obtain any of 83 (ERA5) / 50 (ERA5-Land) climate variables at high spatial and temporal resolution with a single R-command. Additionally, KrigR contains functionality for computation of bioclimatic variables and aggregate metrics from the variables offered by ERA5(-Land). This R-package provides an easy-to-implement workflow for implementation of state-of-the-art climate data while avoiding issues of storage limitations at high temporal and spatial resolutions by providing data according to user-needs rather than in global data sets. Consequently, KrigR provides a toolbox to obtain a wide range of tailored climate data at unprecedented combinations of high temporal and spatial resolutions thus enabling the use of world-leading climate data through the R-interface and beyond.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Phan Bach Viet ◽  
Hoang Minh Duc ◽  
Tran Van Bang ◽  
Luu Hong Truong ◽  
Nguyen Dang Quang ◽  
...  

In this study, 19 surface bioclimatic variables of high spatial resolution 0.00226o (~ 250 m) are generated in a Geographic Information System by the combination of (1) the raster dataset of monthly temperature and precipitation obtained from the global WorldClim database at 0.00833o spatial resolution for the period of 1960–2000; and (2) the climate data (temperature and precipitation) of the Central Highlands and Southern Central Coast collected from the 31 temperature and 97 precipitation recording sites for the period of 1991–2015. The statistical downscaling method is applied, using multiple linear regression analysis, in which elevation, geographic coordinates, and distance from the coast are treated as independent variables, to estimate the distribution of temperature; and the B-Spline interpolation method combined with multiple linear regression analysis is employed on precipitation over the study area. The outcomes of the two main analyses are computed to create 19 high spatial resolution bioclimatic variables. While using only local climate data on analyzing the regression models results in high fluctuation of estimated temperature, the combination of the two datasets is more informative. The spatial distribution of our interpolated precipitation is similar to the WorldClim data but has a smaller difference in the mean annual precipitation. The results, which shows higher spatial resolution and are closer to the observed data than those from the WorldClim, could be better applied for predicting species distribution in the region.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5082 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
NÉSTOR G. VALLE ◽  
MARIO G. IBARRA-POLESEL ◽  
MARIANA ALEJANDRA CHERMAN ◽  
MARCELA L. MONNÉ ◽  
MIRYAM P. DAMBORSKY

Cnemidochroma Schmidt, 1924, a small genus of the tribe Callichromatini endemic in South America, comprises six species of which the only one recorded in Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil is C. phyllopus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844). The aim of this study was to estimate potential suitable areas for C. phyllopus to provide further knowledge on its current distribution. A dataset of 43 records was compiled and species distribution modelling was employed linking these occurrences with bioclimatic variables. Results indicate higher suitability conditions along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, reaching north Uruguay and extending inland to Paraguay and northern parts of Argentina. In addition, we report a new distributional record from Corrientes, Argentina.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonka Ninčević ◽  
Marija Jug-Dujaković ◽  
Martina Grdiša ◽  
Zlatko Liber ◽  
Filip Varga ◽  
...  

AbstractImmortelle (Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don; Asteraceae) is a perennial plant species native to the Mediterranean region, known for many properties with wide application mainly in perfume and cosmetic industry. A total of 18 wild H. italicum populations systematically sampled along the eastern Adriatic environmental gradient were studied using AFLP markers to determine genetic diversity and structure and to identify loci potentially responsible for adaptive divergence. Results showed higher levels of intrapopulation diversity than interpopulation diversity. Genetic differentiation among populations was significant but low, indicating extensive gene flow between populations. Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed the existence of two genetic clusters. Combining the results of FST - outlier analysis (Mcheza and BayeScan) and genome-environment association analysis (Samβada, LFMM) four AFLP loci strongly associated with the bioclimatic variables Bio03 Isothermality, Bio08 Mean temperature of the wettest quarter, Bio15 Precipitation seasonality, and Bio17 Precipitation of driest quarter were found to be the main variables driving potential adaptive genetic variation in H. italicum along the eastern Adriatic environmental gradient. Redundancy analysis revealed that the partitioning of genetic variation was mainly associated with the adaptation to temperature oscillations. The results of the research may contribute to a clearer understanding of the importance of local adaptations for the genetic differentiation of Mediterranean plants and allow the planning of appropriate conservation strategies. However, considering that the identified outlier loci may be linked to genes under selection rather than being the target of natural selection, future studies must aim at their additional analysis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malay Pramanik ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Ramesh C. Dhiman

Abstract Background Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), known as monkey fever, was for the first time reported in 1957 from the Shivamogga district of Karnataka. But since 2011, it has been spreading to the neighbouring state of Kerala, Goa, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. The disease is transmitted to humans, monkeys and by the infected bite of ticks Haemaphysalis spinigera. It is known that deforestation and ecological changes are the main reasons for KFD emergence, but the bio-climatic understanding and emerging pathways remain unknown. Methods The present study aims to understand the bio-climatic determinants of distribution of tick vector of KFD in southern India using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The analysis was done using 34 locations of Haemaphysalis spinigera occurrence and nineteen bio-climatic variables from WorldClim. Climatic variables contribution was assessed using the Jackknife test and mean AUC 0.859, indicating the model performs with very high accuracy. Results Most influential variables affecting the spatial distribution of Haemaphysalis spinigera were the average temperature of the warmest quarter (bio10, contributed 32.5%), average diurnal temperature range (bio2, contributed 21%), precipitation of wettest period (bio13, contributed 17.6%), and annual precipitation (bio12, contributed 11.1%). The highest probability of Haemaphysalis spinigera presence was found when the mean warmest quarter temperature ranged between 25.4 and 30 °C. The risk of availability of the tick increased noticeably when the mean diurnal temperature ranged between 8 and 10 °C. The tick also preferred habitat having an annual mean temperature (bio1) between 23 and 26.2 °C, mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio9) between 20 and 28 °C, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio8) between 22.5 and 25 °C. Conclusions The results have established the relationship between bioclimatic variables and KFD tick distribution and mapped the potential areas for KFD in adjacent areas wherein surveillance for the disease is warranted for early preparedness before the occurrence of outbreaks etc. The modelling approach helps link bio-climatic variables with the present and predicted distribution of Haemaphysalis spinigera tick.


Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Frida R. Castillo-Infante ◽  
Gabriela Mendoza-González ◽  
Rodolfo Rioja-Nieto ◽  
Juan B. Gallego-Fernández

Oenothera drummondii is a coastal dunes plant species from the North American continent that has affected the natural structure and dynamics of Spanish, Israeli, and Chinese shores as an invasive species. In South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and France, it is reported as a naturalized species. Ecological niche and species distribution modeling has been widely used as a tool to find potential global invasions and assess invasion effects. Herein, we modeled the ecological niche and the potential distribution of Oenothera drummondii, using the Köppen–Geiger climate classification, bioclimatic variables and occurrence records that have been validated in their native and non-native distribution. In the native area, the temperature and precipitation values are higher compared to non-native zones, where the low temperatures and the absence of humidity are the main climatic limitations for the species. In the environmental space, new distribution areas were identified and a partial overlap between the native and non-native niches detected. This suggests that climate matching is not occurring for the species, and that the potential invasion of coastal dune areas seems to be higher than previously observed. Therefore, new potential invasion areas, where the species is not yet distributed, were also identified. Our predictions could be used to establish ecosystem management measures to mitigate the invasion of Oenothera drummondii, helping to prevent possible negative impacts on fragile coastal ecosystems.


ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1070 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aarón Gómez-Cruz ◽  
Nancy G. Santos-Hernández ◽  
José Alberto Cruz ◽  
Daniel Ariano-Sánchez ◽  
Christian Ruiz-Castillejos ◽  
...  

Climate change represents a real threat to biodiversity conservation worldwide. Although the effects on several species of conservation priority are known, comprehensive information about the impact of climate change on reptile populations is lacking. In the present study, we analyze outcomes on the potential distribution of the black beaded lizard (Heloderma alvarezi Bogert & Martin del Campo, 1956) under global warming scenarios. Its potential distribution, at present and in projections for the years 2050 and 2070, under both optimistic and pessimistic climate change forecasts, were computed using current data records and seven bioclimatic variables. General results predict a shift in the future potential distribution of H. alvarezi due to temperature increase. The optimistic scenario (4.5 W/m2) for 2070 suggests an enlargement in the species’ distribution as a response to the availability of new areas of suitable habitat. On the contrary, the worst-case scenario (7 W/m2) shows a distribution decrease by 65%. Moreover, the range distribution of H. alvarezi is directly related to the human footprint, which consequently could magnify negative outcomes for this species. Our research elucidates the importance of conservation strategies to prevent the extinction of the black beaded lizard, especially considering that this species is highly threatened by aversive hunting.


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