scholarly journals Efficiency in university-industry collaboration: an analysis of UK higher education institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Bertoletti ◽  
Geraint Johnes
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Research Orientation ◽  
Subject Specialization

AbstractWe examine the determinants of university involvement in knowledge transfer activities, focusing on the value of external services provided by higher education institutions. Data come from 164 universities in the UK and are drawn from the HE Business and Community Interaction Survey (HE-BCI), with a variety of university- and region- specific explanatory variables grafted onto the data from other official sources. The production function for such external services is estimated using the appropriate stochastic frontier methods, and unobserved heterogeneity across institutions of higher education is accommodated by adopting a latent class framework for the modelling. We find strong effects of scale and of research orientation on the level of knowledge transfer. There are, however, two distinct latent classes of higher education institutions, and these differ especially in terms of how external service provision responds to subject specialization of universities and to economic conditions in the region. Research-intensive universities are concentrated in one of the latent classes and, in these institutions, the provision of external services appears to be highly efficient, while in the second latent class there is greater variation in the efficiency of universities.

Performance analysis of electricity distribution sector post the implementation of electricity act 2003: empirical evidence from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-696
Author(s):  
Pavan Khetrapal
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Utility Managers

PurposeThe objective of the present study is to evaluate and analyse the performance of Indian electricity distribution utilities post the implementation of landmark Electricity Act 2003.Design/methodology/approachStochastic frontier analysis (SFA) that incorporates exogenous influences on operational efficiency is adopted in the present study. Specifically, a stochastic frontier production function model with a technical inefficiency effects model (Battese and Coelli, 1995) is chosen as a preferred model. In this model, the function that explains the inefficiency scores is estimated in a single stage with the production technology. This avoids the problem of inconsistency which is possible in the two-stage approach.FindingsThe sample involved 52 Indian electricity distribution utilities for seven-year period from 2006 to 2013. Major findings of SFA show that Indian electricity distribution utilities post the implementation of Electricity Act (2003) had, on average, experienced efficiency improvement during the observed period. The overall mean technical effciency score is estimated as 78.5% which indicates that there exist wide scope for effciency improvement in the sector. Further, the empirical findings also indicate that publicly owned distribution utilities obtain average technical efficiencies of 71.3%, which is lower than privately owned distribution utilities, which achieve average technical efficiencies of 85.7%.Research limitations/implicationsPower supply quality indicators such as SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI, etc. and unobserved heterogeneity also influence the efficiency analysis of electricity distribution utilities. Hence, these parameters as explanatory variables can be incorporated in the future work.Practical implicationsThe results obtained from this empirical study would likely be helpful for utility managers and policymakers to know how well they are performing, and how a better corporate strategy a particular utility can formulate to improve its operational efficiency and also its position in the marketplace.Originality/valueThis paper is amongst the first significant attempts that implement SFA approach to the panel dataset over a longer period of time – 2006 to 2013, so, as to evaluate and analyse the operational efficiency of Indian electricity distribution utilities in a single framework after the enactment of Electricity Act (2003). Unlike previous studies, this study investigates the degree to which various exogenous (or environmental) factors influence efficiency levels in these utilities.

HETEROGENEITY ON THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN JAPANESE AIRPORTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS PESTANA BARROS ◽  
SHUNSUKE MANAGI ◽  
YUICHIRO YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Finite Mixture Model ◽  
Finite Mixture ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Managerial Implications

This paper evaluates the production activities of Japanese airports by using a finite mixture model that allows controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. In doing so, a stochastic frontier latent class model, which allows the existence of different technologies, is adopted to estimate production frontiers. This procedure not only enables the identification of different groups of Japanese airports but also permits the analysis of their production efficiency. The main result is that there are two groups of Japanese airports, both following completely different "technologies" to obtain passengers and cargo, suggesting that business strategies need to be adapted to the characteristics of the airports. Some managerial implications are developed.

scholarly journals Thinking about going to university? Segmenting undergraduates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Retamosa ◽  
Ángel Millán ◽  
Juan Antonio García
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
University Selection ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The University

Choosing a university is a crucial decision in a person's life because, most of the time, the acquisition of a university degree allows him access to better working conditions. Universities are interested in knowing the factors that students cite as impacting their choice of university. This study aims to classify future university students according to different evaluation criteria that could help university administrators to improve their recruitment and positioning strategies. Building on the growing body of knowledge related to the marketing of Higher Education Institutions, the current study seeks to further explore the existence of segments featuring different selection patterns. The main goal of this study was tested by applying Latent Class Analysis as a segmentation method, also referred to as Latent Class Cluster Analysis. This study found that students have different sets of motivations for their choice of Higher Education Institutions, and also found significant differences in the motivations of males and females with regard to university selection. All of these findings are of great importance to the managers of university brands, particularly at the university under study.

Technology Centres

2015 ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Susana Pablo-Hernando
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Doctoral Training ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Advantageous Position

This chapter shows how PhD mobility across organizations constitutes a source of normative isomorphism that has led towards the “collegialization” of some Spanish Technology Centres (TCs). In particular, the study of nine TCs located in four Spanish regions has been essential to identify the normative mechanisms embedded in doctoral training and scientific careers that have promoted the convergence among R&D organizations. Thus, TCs collaborating intensively with higher education institutions through hybrid researchers have adopted academic models of knowledge production. Interestingly, they have also introduced doctoral training programs to reinforce their legitimacy in the eyes of their collaborators and investors. As a result of these changes, TCs move towards a more proactive position in the processes of knowledge transfer to gain an advantageous position in an innovation system.

scholarly journals Eficiencia técnica de pesquerías con heterogeneidad inobservada

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
David Castilla Espino ◽  
Juan José García del Hoyo
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Production Activity

Fisheries production is subject to a significant variability caused no only by the stochastic nature of fisheries due to uncontrolled environmental and biological conditions, but also by factors related to production activity. It is necessary to take into consideration all these factors to avoid biases on production model estimates. This paper aims to go through this variability in Stochastic Frontier Analysis to account for observed and unobserved heterogeneity together with technical efficiency and randomness. This paper exemplifies the application of a Latent Class Stochastic Frontier model to the anchovy fishery of Southeastern Black Sea to account for production frontier heterogeneity. Results show a mean level of technical efficiency of 55%, which is higher than those produced by the standard stochastic frontier model. Moreover, results allow identifying two latent classes in the fleet. They also provide sound scientific advice for de management of the fishery.

Expenditure-based segmentation of tourists taking into account unobserved heterogeneity: The case of Venice

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mortazavi ◽  
Magdalena Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Model ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Finite Mixture Model ◽  
Finite Mixture ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Different Types

Visitors to big tourist cities are very likely heterogeneous and can be classified into different segments, for example, low and high spenders. Previous studies on visitor expenditure-based segmentation seem to have only taken into account observed heterogeneity, usually segmenting tourists based on observed characteristics. In the present study, however, the visitors to Venice, Italy, are segmented with respect to their spending into different groups based on both observed and unobserved heterogeneity using a finite mixture model. The results indicate that the visitors belong to three latent classes with respect to their expenditure. Interestingly, different variables affect expenditure differently depending on the latent class belonging. The overall conclusion is that segmenting tourists into different classes based on unobserved heterogeneity with respect to their spending is preferable and more informative than treating the visitors as one homogeneous group. The approach is also more useful for different types of policymaking.

Knowledge transfer strategies and practices for higher education institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C.K. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transfer Strategies ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Training Programmes

Purpose This study aims to identify effective strategies and practices for higher education institutions (HEIs) to enhance their knowledge recipients’ knowledge absorptive capacity. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted to examine the effectiveness of a knowledge transfer (KT) project and these were administered by HEIs in Hong Kong. Pre- and post-test questionnaire surveys with t-tests were used to evaluate changes in the knowledge absorptive capacity of 1,014 participants from 20 schools. Qualitative interviews were conducted to investigate school leaders’ perception of the effectiveness of the KT strategies. Findings Results revealed significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in all the elements of absorptive capacity. The processes of knowledge acquisition, contextualisation, internalisation and externalisation in a closed-loop mechanism were identified as effective KT strategies. Conducting training programmes, workshops, consultations, work-based studies and presentation seminars were found to be effective KT practices to support the recipients in acquiring, contextualising, internalising and externalising knowledge. Practical implications HEIs should provide consultative support to recipients by conducting work-based studies and presentations to enhance their knowledge absorptive capacities. Originality/value This study contributes empirical evidence to validate the application of Liyanage et al.’s (2009) KT model to HEIs’ KT model for the purpose of designing KT activities and enhancing the absorption capacities of the recipients. This research contributes an empirical closed-loop KT model, effective KT strategies and practices for HEIs to support their knowledge recipients so that they can internalise the acquired knowledge.

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