(A new paradigm for) the problem of the many

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Paradigm ◽  
Problem Of The Many ◽  
The Many

The Problem of the Many, Many Composition Questions, and Naive Mereology

Noûs ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Problem Of The Many ◽  
The Many

Majority Judgment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Balinski ◽  
Rida Laraki
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Strategic Manipulation ◽  
Majority Judgment ◽  
Collective Ranking ◽  
The Many ◽  
Traditional Paradigm

This book argues that the traditional theory of social choice offers no acceptable solution to the problems of how to elect, judge, or rank. It finds that the traditional model—transforming the “preference lists” of individuals into a “preference list” of society—is fundamentally flawed in both theory and practice. The authors propose a different model, which leads to a new theory and method: majority judgment. Majority judgment is meaningful, resists strategic manipulation, elicits honesty, and is not subject to the classical paradoxes encountered in practice, notably Condorcet’s paradox and Arrow’s paradox. The authors offer theoretical, practical and experimental evidence—from national elections to figure skating competitions—to support their arguments. Drawing on wine, sports, music, and other competitions, they argue that the question should not be how to transform many individual rankings into a single collective ranking but rather, after defining a common language of grades to measure merit, how to transform the many individual evaluations of each competitor into a single collective evaluation of all competitors. The crux of the matter is a new model in which the traditional paradigm—to compare—is replaced by a new paradigm: to evaluate.

Is the Problem of the Many a Problem in Metaphysics?

Noûs ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-752
Author(s):  
Dan López de Sa
Keyword(s):  
Problem Of The Many ◽  
The Many

scholarly journals Le touriste et le terroriste ou les deux extrêmes du continuum transnational

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-252
Author(s):  
James N. Rosenau
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
World Politics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Micro Parts ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Global Food

This paper proceeds from the premise that profound changes have transformed the structure of world politics and that, consequently, a new, transnational paradigm of the global system needs to be developed. All the existing paradigms are found to be incapable of handling the proliferation of actors, the declining capacities of governments, the mushrooming of subgroup loyalties, the growing demands of the Third World, and the expansion of the range of issues on the global agenda - to mention only the most salient of the transformations that have rendered world politics both more decentralized and more complex. What is needed, it is argued, is a model organized around micro units of analysis that are common to both the new and old actors, issues, and structures and that thus form the foundation of the many new macro aggregations which have come to share the world stage with governments and international organizations. After developing a conception of four types of aggregational processes through which micro parts are converted into macro wholes, the analysis focuses on two types of transnational roles as worthy of consideration as the basic micro units of the new paradigm. The two types are designated as primitive and derivative roles. The former refers to roles in macro units that would not exist if their activities did not span national boundaries (the multinational corporation is an example), while the latter refers to roles in macro aggregations that do not depend on transnational interactions for their existence even though performances in them to have transnational consequences (examples are farmers, parents, and car drivers, who are both active and inadvertent participants in, respectively, today's global food, population, and energy issues). Whatever the issue involved, and irrespective of whether they are primitive or derivative, all transnational roles can be located on a legitimacy-authority continuum and seen as varying between two extremes, one which gives exclusive priority to the citizen role in a nation-state and the other which accords exclusive loyalty to the transnational role. The tourist and the terrorist are offered as examples of roles at the two extremes of this important continuum.

Supervaluations and the Problem of the Many

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (208) ◽  
pp. 320-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Problem Of The Many ◽  
The Many

scholarly journals VET TEACHERS IN SLOVAKIA AND CHALLENGES FOR THEIR COMPETENCES IMPROVEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
TÍMEA ŠEBEN ZAŤKOVÁ ◽  
MARIÁN AMBROZY
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Of The Many ◽  
Teacher Competences ◽  
Training Community ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Level

The common problem of the many countries that´s identified by many policy makers, educators, economists and other professionals is the problem of high level of youth unemployment rate. Properly prepared workforce for the European economy are current challenges for the teacher and training community. The need to update vocational education teaching (further VET) - teachers’ qualifications and competences is very urgent in the all countries of EU. This study deals with teacher preparation in Slovakia and concisely describes selected results of questionnaire survey on vocational education teacher competences. The study provides an introduction to the theme of teacher competence improvement through small survey conducted at Slovak university of Agriculture in Nitra and suggests some challenges for solution in VET teachers preparation. There is a need of innovative practical approach to stimulating and develop key competences among students in VET institutions. This need is also connected with the quality of VET teachers and the professional teacher competences development in teachers’ preparation and in their further education.

scholarly journals Minimalistic Character Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
S ik Han Bae
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Many ◽  
Act One ◽  
Better Than

After the promulgation of the Character Education Promotion Act, one is left asking the question: is character education, which is currently being conducted in all directions and at all levels, from elementary schools to universities, actually succeeding in reversing the deteriorating character failures seen throughout society? I think it’s fair to say that it would be difficult for anyone to answer this question positively. Nevertheless, research papers boasting the many successes of character education have continued to pour in. How can this disparity be explained? In order to adequately answer this question, one must understand that character education is missing a key component. Therefore, we need to reexamine the fundamental premise of the discourses and programs surrounding character education in its various applications, both before and after the promulgation of the Character Education Promotion Act. This paper intends to propose ‘minimalistic character education’ as a new paradigm of character education-one that will replace the fundamental premise found in the type of character education we’ve been implementing thus far. Briefly put, minimalistic character education starts by changing the paradigm: “Basically, doing is better than not doing” to the paradigm: “Basically, not doing is better than doing.” This new paradigm will enable us to overcome the paradox found in the current manifestation of character education by preventing it from becoming a key link in the vicious cycle of avoiding responsibility.

Interpreters and near-field exploration: The role of leadership, culture, and organizational impedance contrasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5M-12M ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
The Many

Four years ago, several visionaries from SEG and AAPG collaborated to create Interpretation, a journal that serves the unique community of integrated interpretation. As the late R. Randy Ray wrote at the time, “It marks a historic recognition that geology and geophysics are intertwined at the core.” Indeed, this core community drives the exploration engine that powers the oil and gas industry through the multidisciplinary study of the petroleum system. The time has come for this same community to apply its considerable intellectual and operational acumen to optimizing another system that is rarely recognized as such: near-field exploration. Unlike “pure” conventional exploration, near-field exploration tends to be much more organizationally complex. Exploration functions need to deal with producing assets. Offices set in different cultures and separated by many time zones need to work together flawlessly. Engineering-centric dynamic geocellular models need to mesh with map-based static descriptions of the earth. Most importantly, a culture of value assurance needs to be balanced with a spirit of exploration that demands a culture of creativity and risk taking. These compartmentalized and layered oil and gas organizations share one important characteristic with the heterogeneous earth: each component can be considered to have its own unique impedance. As all interpreters know, elastic impedance contrasts associated with geological heterogeneity give rise to reflected seismic signals, the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of which are our bread and butter. Yet while organizational boundaries also impede the free flow of energy (in the form of knowledge/information, processes, workflows, etc.), there is little awareness that signals reflected from organizational impedance contrasts can be studied and ultimately inverted to understand and optimize various organizational components. Taken together, the heterogeneous environment known as near-field exploration can be modeled as a complex arrangement of different types of impedances, with (usually unmonitored) signals emanating from the many impedance contrasts. The monitoring, processing, and interpretation of these organizational signals are shown to fit well into the Shewhart cycle of plan-do-check-act, something that our engineering colleagues use regularly in their lean manufacturing processes. This paper introduces what for many will be a new paradigm for the organizational development of companies focused on near-infrastructure exploration. And yet for most interpreters reading this, it will seem “old hat.” Our community has been unmasking the geology associated with boundary reflections for almost a century. The time has come to improve the organizations within which we toil by applying our skills to the study of organizational impedance contrasts.

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