Unemployment rate, clean energy, and ecological footprint in OECD countries

Abstract This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between income, clean energy consumption, exports, imports, urbanization and ecological footprint for Turkey from 1973 to 2015 using the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The long-term coefficients derived from the ARDL approach demonstrate that import increase the ecological footprint, whereas urbanization and clean energy consumption do not have an impact on environmental pollution in the long-term. In addition, the 2001 dummy variable is negative and statistically significant. The crisis in 2001 slowed down the economic growth rate. This situation also caused reduction of environmental pollution. Moreover, the long run estimates indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in Turkey. However, the turning point of per capita income was calculated as $16,045 that outside of the analyzed period. As economic activities increase, human pressure on nature continues to increase. Consequently, the only factor that reduces the ecological footprint has been determined as exports. In contrast, economic growth and clean energy consumption cannot be used as a tool to reduce the ecological footprint. Turkey needs a higher level of per capita income than the threshold level to improve environmental quality.

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Are Shocks to Unemployment Rate in OECD Countries Permanent or Temporary? Evidence From Unit Root Tests With Non-normal Errors

10.26650/b/ss10.2021.013.04 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-57

Author(s):

Mücahit Aydın ◽

Mehmet Aydın

Keyword(s):

Unemployment Rate ◽

Unit Root ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Unit Root Tests

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A Step Towards Environmental Mitigation: How Do Economic Complexity And Natural Resources Matter? Focusing On Different Institutional Quality Level Countries

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1042864/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Parisa Esmaeili ◽

Meysam Rafei ◽

Daniel Balsalobre- Lorente

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Institutional Quality ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Quality Level ◽

Renewable Energy Consumption ◽

Vector Autoregressive ◽

Economic Complexity

Abstract Changes in the economic structure and human lifestyle lead to environmental pollution, one of today's prime challenges. With this in mind, the main objectives of this study are to evaluate the impacts of economic complexity, natural resources, renewable energy consumption, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint in weak, medium, and high levels of institutional quality countries. This study is probably one of the first studies to examine the effect of the economic complexity on ecological footprint and classify countries based on their institutional quality levels. Furthermore, the interaction of economic complexity and natural resources is considered a new variable. For this purpose, the panel vector autoregressive model is used. The results revealed that economic complexity in all countries has a positive impact on ecological footprint, and also it has the greatest impact on ecological footprint among the considered variables. Conversely, the interaction of economic complexity and natural resources contributes to environmental quality. Notably, the impacts of study variables on ecological footprint are more robust in a medium level of institutional quality countries. According to the study's outcomes, the main recommendation is the R&D activities improvement to develop environmentally friendly technologies and clean energy infrastructure to improve environmental quality.

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Can the insider–outsider theory explain unemployment hysteresis in OECD countries?

Oxford Economic Papers ◽

10.1093/oep/gpz026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 149-163

Author(s):

Dimitrios Bakas ◽

Yousef Makhlouf

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Unit Root ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Unit Root Tests ◽

Panel Unit Root Tests ◽

Panel Unit Root ◽

Hysteretic Behaviour

Abstract Insider–outsider theory is often used as a basis for explaining the hysteretic behaviour of unemployment. Despite this, there is no empirical evidence about the validity of this theory on explaining the persistence of unemployment. This article addresses this gap, using various labour market proxies of insiders’ power for the OECD countries over 1960–2013 and employing panel unit root tests that exploit the information contained in these proxies. The results show that although the unemployment rate exhibits a pronounced hysteretic behaviour in OECD countries, this behaviour is reversed once we account for the insider–outsider proxies. Our findings thus validate the role of the insider–outsider theory as a key source of unemployment hysteresis.

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