Validation of the Japanese Version of the Pathological Gambling Adaptation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS-J) Among Subclinical Japanese Gamblers

AbstractThis article describes a new approach to the understanding and treatment of pathological gambling (PG). In order to foster an understanding of the pathological variations of gambling, gambling as a “normal,” widespread behavior that spans cultures and centuries is briefly reviewed, as is the current socioeconomic impact of gambling on society. PG is interpreted as an excessive exaggeration of a normal behavior (a behavioral excess disorder, or BED), similar to exaggerations of cleaning, grooming, loving, working, or shopping.Particular developmental deficits in certain individuals and their resulting vulnerabilities make these persons prone to “getting lost” in excessive gambling activities. PG fulfills three important functions that serve to maintain these behaviors. Most frequently, it serves the intraindividual function of distraction from a cognitive, emotional, or physiologic negative state (NEST). A second, much less frequent intraindividual function is that of fast socioeconomic self-destruction in persons who develop presuicidal depression before they start gambling. In the worst disease course of this subtype, patients enter a dramatic “last game”; when they lose, “fate has decided” that they should kill themselves immediately thereafter. A third function fulfilled by PG is interactional, ie, in the “I can't be with or without you” type of relationship.These gambling-related vulnerabilities are discussed against the background of recent studies from: (1) cognitive psychological and animal experiments regarding the prediction of future events; (2) functional brain imaging studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder; and (3) gambling experiments (prediction of future events) in patients with specific lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex. This article outlines the basics of strategic-systemic behavior therapy for these conditions, and summarizes results of the first outcome and follow-up studies.

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The Japanese version of the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Psychometric properties and clinical correlates

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.08.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuki Kobayashi ◽

Hisato Matsunaga ◽

Tomohiro Nakao ◽

Yuka Kudo ◽

Eisuke Sakakibara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Family Accommodation ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

The Family

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Effect of amphetamine on behavioral patterns of obsessive-compulsive and addictive gambling in a rat marble test

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf14346-52 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Petr D. Shabanov ◽

Andrei A. Lebedev ◽

Natalia D. Yakushina ◽

Anna G. Pshenichnaya ◽

Eugenii R. Bychkov

Keyword(s):

Pathological Gambling ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Anxiety Reduction ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Behavioral Patterns ◽

Compulsive Behavior ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

The Brain

A rodent marble test can be qualified as the most informative test of evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder as a neurobiological component of pathological gambling. Several behavioral components of obsession (obsessive and anxious ideas) and compulsions (obsessive actions) directed to anxiety reduction are modeled in this test. The effect of psychostimulant amphetamine on the rat behavior was studied in a marble test, anxiety-phobic model (scale), open field (evaluation of motor and emotional activity) and resident-intruder test (Intraspecies behavior). Amphetamine 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg increased a number of burying bolls and elevated anxiety level in dose dependent manner. This accompanied with reduction of explorative activity, elevation of motor activity and number of individual behavioral patterns. Therefore, dopaminergic system of the brain activated with amphetamine is involved in obsessive-compulsive behavior and pathological gambling.

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Stroop task among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852913000862 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 509-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Einat Peles ◽

Aviv Weinstein ◽

Anat Sason ◽

Miriam Adelson ◽

Shaul Schreiber

Keyword(s):

Pathological Gambling ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Stroop Task ◽

Interference Effect ◽

Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽

Maintenance Treatment ◽

Methadone Maintenance ◽

Stroop Interference ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impaired attention selection (Stroop interference effect) and general performance [reaction times (RTs)] on the Stroop task among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), pathological gambling (PG), both PG/OCD or none, and the influence if having ADHD.MethodsEighty-six patients and 15 control subjects underwent the Stroop task, which measured RTs of condition-related words (color, obsessive compulsive disorder, pathological gambling, addiction) and neutral words.ResultsMMT patients had longer RTs on the Stroop task compared with controls. RTs were longer among patients with OCD and in those who abused drugs on the study day. The combined PG/OCD group had the longest RTs, but they were also characterized as abusing more drugs, being older, and having worse cognitive status. Stroop color interference differed only among MMT patients with ADHD, and it was higher among those with OCD than those without OCD. The modified condition-related Stroop did not show any interference effect of OCD, addiction, or gambling words.ConclusionsMMT patients had generally poorer performance, as indicated by longer RTs, that were related to clinical OCD, drug abuse, poor cognitive state, and older age. Patients with both clinical OCD and ADHD had a higher Stroop interference effect, which is a reflection of an attention deficit. In order to improve clinical approach and treatment of MMT patients, OCD and ADHD should be evaluated (and treated as needed).

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