In vitro regeneration of Echinacea purpurea L.: Direct somatic embryogenesis and indirect shoot organogenesis in petiole culture

Dionaeamuscipula Ellis commonly known as Venus fly trap is an important carnivorous plant with medicinal importance. It contains certain secondary metabolites like naphthoquinones and is used in anti-aid and anti-cancer drugs and other medicines like Cornivora. Increasing interest and use as an ornamental and medicinal plant, and dietary supplement have put it in an endangered state. Development of in vitro techniques for the preservation of germplasm that is on the brink of extinction is highly demanded. A regeneration protocol for the multiplication and micropropagation of Dionaeamuscipla Ellis was established. In vitro regeneration potential of leaf explants in different concentrations and combinations of plant growth substances was investigated in this study. Seeds were grown and leaf disc explants were excised and cultured under aseptic conditions on nutritional medium containing half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) mix with combinations of 1.0–20.0 μm BA, 2.5.0 μm IBA, 1.0–10.0 μm 2iP and 0.1–0.5μm TDZ. The cultures were kept in growth cabinet with cool white light (40–60 μmol·m-2·s-1) under 16-h photoperiod. Regeneration was recorded after 60 days with the intervals of 15 days based on the degree of shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. 1/2 MS + 0.1 TDZ appeared to be efficient for somatic embryogenesis and simple MS for direct shoot organogenesis. 1/2 MS combined with 2iP appeared to be efficient for regeneration either by direct shoot organogenesis or by somatic embryogenesis. Plants were rooted well in Cape Cundew medium. These investigations will aid in the development of a model system for clonal mass propagation and in vitro regeneration of Dionaeamuscipla Ellis.

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In vitro regeneration in Trifolium. 1. Direct somatic embryogenesis in T. rubens (L.)

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/bf00039887 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 33-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Decai Cui ◽

J. R. Myers ◽

G. B. Collins ◽

P. A. Lazzeri

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Direct Somatic Embryogenesis

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THIDIAZURON: A POTENT GROWTH REGULATOR FOR INDUCING HIGH-FREQUENCY ORGANOGENESIS AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN VITRO

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.693a ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 693a-693

Author(s):

K.A. Malik ◽

Christena Visser ◽

praveen K. saxena

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

High Frequency ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Shoot Organogenesis ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Endogenous Phytohormones ◽

Potent Growth

In vitro regeneration by shoot organogenesis and-or somatic embryogenesis is accomplished by culturing the explants on a nutrient medium supplemented with phytohormones. Auxins in general, and 2,4-D in particular, have been shown to induce somatic embryogenesis whereas shoot regeneration is stimulated by cytokinins. In studying the morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron (TDZ) - a substituted urea with cytokinin-like activity - we found that it induces a high frequency of both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis depending upon the plant species. For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media. In cultured explants of geranium, the use of TDZ (0.2-1 μM) effectively replaced the requirement of 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos. The frequency of regeneration was two to ten times higher than that achieved with auxin-cytokinin combinations. While no direct evidence is currently available to establish a relationship between TDZ and endogenous phytohormones, our results suggest that it may act by establishing endogenously the auxin:cytokinin ratio permissive of induction and expression of morphogenically competent cells.

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Plant Regeneration in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) via Somatic Embryogenesis and Induction of Meristemoids in Abnormal Embryos

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v29i1.41977 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 33-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ribha Saraswat ◽

Mithilesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Shoot Organogenesis ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Hypocotyl Explants ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Half Strength ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽

Full Utilization

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol is reported for common buckwheat. A combination of 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/l BAP with sucrose showed highest induction of somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. More than 35% of normal somatic embryos matured on MS. MS with 2% sucrose were found best for germination and conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. In tissue culture, abnormal somatic embryos usually occur. In this report, abnormal embryos are also used to induce shoot organogenesis, adding to the number of final regenerants and ensuring full utilization of regenerative propagules. A treatment of 0.2 mg/l BAP induced meristemoids in 60% of underdeveloped embryos and a combination of 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l AgNO3 led browning and senescence-free progression of shoot buds to well developed shoots, which were subsequently rooted in half strength MS containing 2% sucrose and 0.25 mg/l IBA. The regenerated plants survived acclimatization, flowered and set seeds. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 29(1): 33-47, 2019 (June)

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Natural Variation in Plant Pluripotency and Regeneration

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9101261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1261

Author(s):

Robin Lardon ◽

Danny Geelen

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Shoot Organogenesis ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Relative Role ◽

Root Explants ◽

Experimental Systems ◽

Complex Process ◽

Insight Into ◽

Molecular Framework

Plant regeneration is essential for survival upon wounding and is, hence, considered to be a strong natural selective trait. The capacity of plant tissues to regenerate in vitro, however, varies substantially between and within species and depends on the applied incubation conditions. Insight into the genetic factors underlying this variation may help to improve numerous biotechnological applications that exploit in vitro regeneration. Here, we review the state of the art on the molecular framework of de novo shoot organogenesis from root explants in Arabidopsis, which is a complex process controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci of various effect sizes. Two types of factors are distinguished that contribute to natural regenerative variation: master regulators that are conserved in all experimental systems (e.g., WUSCHEL and related homeobox genes) and conditional regulators whose relative role depends on the explant and the incubation settings. We further elaborate on epigenetic variation and protocol variables that likely contribute to differential explant responsivity within species and conclude that in vitro shoot organogenesis occurs at the intersection between (epi) genetics, endogenous hormone levels, and environmental influences.

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