scholarly journals Plant Regeneration in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) via Somatic Embryogenesis and Induction of Meristemoids in Abnormal Embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribha Saraswat ◽  
Mithilesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Full Utilization

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol is reported for common buckwheat. A combination of 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/l BAP with sucrose showed highest induction of somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. More than 35% of normal somatic embryos matured on MS. MS with 2% sucrose were found best for germination and conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. In tissue culture, abnormal somatic embryos usually occur. In this report, abnormal embryos are also used to induce shoot organogenesis, adding to the number of final regenerants and ensuring full utilization of regenerative propagules. A treatment of 0.2 mg/l BAP induced meristemoids in 60% of underdeveloped embryos and a combination of 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l AgNO3 led browning and senescence-free progression of shoot buds to well developed shoots, which were subsequently rooted in half strength MS containing 2% sucrose and 0.25 mg/l IBA. The regenerated plants survived acclimatization, flowered and set seeds. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 29(1): 33-47, 2019 (June)

scholarly journals THIDIAZURON: A POTENT GROWTH REGULATOR FOR INDUCING HIGH-FREQUENCY ORGANOGENESIS AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 693a-693
Author(s):  
K.A. Malik ◽  
Christena Visser ◽  
praveen K. saxena
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Endogenous Phytohormones ◽  
Potent Growth

In vitro regeneration by shoot organogenesis and-or somatic embryogenesis is accomplished by culturing the explants on a nutrient medium supplemented with phytohormones. Auxins in general, and 2,4-D in particular, have been shown to induce somatic embryogenesis whereas shoot regeneration is stimulated by cytokinins. In studying the morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron (TDZ) - a substituted urea with cytokinin-like activity - we found that it induces a high frequency of both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis depending upon the plant species. For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media. In cultured explants of geranium, the use of TDZ (0.2-1 μM) effectively replaced the requirement of 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos. The frequency of regeneration was two to ten times higher than that achieved with auxin-cytokinin combinations. While no direct evidence is currently available to establish a relationship between TDZ and endogenous phytohormones, our results suggest that it may act by establishing endogenously the auxin:cytokinin ratio permissive of induction and expression of morphogenically competent cells.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration and somatic embryogenesis in citrus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Sawy A Mohamed ◽  
Amina Gomaa ◽  
Nancy Danial
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mother Plants

Better results were obtained when stigma explants of variegated lemon and citron were used. After ten months, somatic embryos developed into plantlets at a frequency ranged from 13.3 for lime to 66.7% for lemon. Virus presence was tested by ELISA and RT?PCR. The results indicated that the plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis are CTV?free. RAPD analysis was used to asses the genetic stability of plantlets as compared to the mother plants. The results indicated that most plantlets belong to the respective mother plants and the polymorphism percentage was genotype and explant?dependant.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 247-262, 2014 (December

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn.: An Important Medicinal Plant

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sen ◽  
M.M. Sharma ◽  
D. Grover ◽  
A. Batra
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol was developed for the medicinally potent plant species Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) using nodal segment as explant. Maximum multiplication of shoots (15.275±0.96) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) after 3-4 weeks of inoculation. The shoots were separated from cluster and subcultured for their elongation on the same medium. In vitro flowering was also observed on the elongated shoots after 3–4 weeks of sub culturing on the shoot elongation medium. In vitro rooting was obtained on half strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 mg/l).  Regenerated plants were successfully hardened and acclimatized, 80 % of plantlets survived well under natural conditions after transplantation.Key words: In vitro regeneration, multiple shoots, nodal segments, Phyllanthus amarusDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2557Our Nature (2009) 7:110-115

scholarly journals Morphoagronomic characterization of Sorghum cultivar ‘CIAP 132R-05’ obtained by somatic embryogenesis in the conversion phase using different substrates

2019 ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Silvio de J. Martínez Medina ◽  
Raúl Barbón Rodríguez, Rafael Gómez-Kosky, Novisel Veitía Rodríguez ◽  
María Esther González Vega ◽  
Orlando Saucedo Castillo ◽  
Eduardo Fidel Héctor Ardisana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop after wheat, corn, rice and barley. The aim of this research was to study morphological characterization of the plant population of grain sorghum cultivar CIAP 132R-05 regenerated via somatic embryogenesis under semi controlled conditions in green house.  Plants regenerated from somatic embryos were compared to plants grown from botanical seeds. Both populations of plants were characterized morphologically, taking in account quantitative traits (plant height (cm), stem diameter, number of active leaves per plant, limb length and width, number of active roots per plant, length of the roots (cm), fresh weight (gMF), foliar area (dm2), number of shoots per plant) and qualitative traits (albino or variegated plants, color of the leaves). Quantitative characteristics of both populations corresponded with those listed in the National Register of Commercial Varieties of Cuba. However; the population of plants derived from somatic embryos showed significantly higher values ​​for plant height, stem diameter, limb length and width, which may be associated with the physiological rejuvenation produced by the effect of in vitro culture. This allowed to determine the phenotypic stability of the regenerated plants via somatic embryogenesis, by assessing morphological characters in field conditions. The results can be applied to the in vitro propagation of elite plants selected as a product of conventional breeding programs and obtained through the use of different biotechnological methods.

scholarly journals (405) Regeneration of Venus Fly Trap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) from Leaf Culture

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062F-1063
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Ahmad ◽  
Syed M. A. Zobayed ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena ◽  
David M. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot

Dionaeamuscipula Ellis commonly known as Venus fly trap is an important carnivorous plant with medicinal importance. It contains certain secondary metabolites like naphthoquinones and is used in anti-aid and anti-cancer drugs and other medicines like Cornivora. Increasing interest and use as an ornamental and medicinal plant, and dietary supplement have put it in an endangered state. Development of in vitro techniques for the preservation of germplasm that is on the brink of extinction is highly demanded. A regeneration protocol for the multiplication and micropropagation of Dionaeamuscipla Ellis was established. In vitro regeneration potential of leaf explants in different concentrations and combinations of plant growth substances was investigated in this study. Seeds were grown and leaf disc explants were excised and cultured under aseptic conditions on nutritional medium containing half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) mix with combinations of 1.0–20.0 μm BA, 2.5.0 μm IBA, 1.0–10.0 μm 2iP and 0.1–0.5μm TDZ. The cultures were kept in growth cabinet with cool white light (40–60 μmol·m-2·s-1) under 16-h photoperiod. Regeneration was recorded after 60 days with the intervals of 15 days based on the degree of shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. 1/2 MS + 0.1 TDZ appeared to be efficient for somatic embryogenesis and simple MS for direct shoot organogenesis. 1/2 MS combined with 2iP appeared to be efficient for regeneration either by direct shoot organogenesis or by somatic embryogenesis. Plants were rooted well in Cape Cundew medium. These investigations will aid in the development of a model system for clonal mass propagation and in vitro regeneration of Dionaeamuscipla Ellis.

Histology of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in excised root cultures of an endangered species Tylophora indica (Asclepiadaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Sahai ◽  
Anwar Shahzad ◽  
Shiwali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
One Year

This paper reports an efficient regeneration protocol through parallel organogenic and embryogenic pathways from green root segments (GRSs) of Tylophora indica (Burm.f) Merrill. GRSs explants from one year old in vitro cultures were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various cytokinins. Five µmol/L of 6-benzyladenine (BA) was most responsive for organogenesis in 1.5 cm long GRSs. Repeated subculture on medium containing both BA (5 µmol/L) and 1-naphthleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.1 µmol/L) promoted multiplication and proliferation of direct shoot buds (46.80 ± 0.96) and callus mediated somatic embryogenesis (18.07 ± 0.33). Germinated embryos isolated from callus were transferred onto maturation medium consisting of half-strength MS medium either devoid of plant growth regulators (PGRs) or with various concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA). Microshoots were excised during subculture and transferred onto root induction medium, thus ensuring a continuous supply of germplasm. Morphogenic variations were noticed in types of roots induced on various auxins. Regenerated plantlets and emblings hardened best on vermiculite with a survival rate of 90% and 70% respectively. However, the emblings were healthier in comparison to the regenerated plants. Histological analysis showed the origin and development of organogenesis.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon and Hypocotyl Explants of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench lpls Mutant

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Yue Fei ◽  
Lan-Xiang Wang ◽  
Zheng-Wu Fang ◽  
Zhi-Xiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, Family Polygonaceae) is an annual pseudo-cereal crop with healing benefits. However, the genetic improvement of common buckwheat has achieved only limited success, mainly due to buckwheat’s dimorphic flowers and heteromorphic self-incompatibility. Here, we develop a useful protocol for indirect somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration from hypocotyl explants of F. esculentum. Firstly, the initial calli of hypocotyl explants were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2.0 mgL−1 2,4-D and 1.5 mgL−1 6-BA for 30 days culture, and then the yellowish white friable embryogenic calli were developed when the initial calli were transferred to fresh MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL−1 6-BA and 0.5 mgL−1 thidiazuron (TDZ)two to three times subculture at 40–60 days intervals. Subsequently, the somatic embryos were able to germinate from embryogenic callus sub-cultured on MS basal medium containing 1.0 mgL−1 6-BA and 0.5 mgL−1 TDZ with 15% potato puree for 20 days subculture. Finally, maximum mean percentage (75.75%) of somatic embryo-derived plants were obtained when the mature somatic embryos were transferred to MS basal medium without growth regulators for 40 days culture. Our result provides a useful protocol for plant regeneration and SE from hypocotyl explants of F. esculentum.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghan Singh Maloth ◽  
Rajinikanth Marka ◽  
Rama Swamy Nanna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Regenerated Plants

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18)  along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted  on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.

In vitro regeneration from leaf-base segments in three genotypes of Urochloa spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diliane Harumi Yaguinuma ◽  
Luciana Midori Takamori ◽  
Adriana Mendonça de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Gonzaga Esteves Vieira ◽  
Alessandra Ferreira Ribas
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
The Media

The key agricultural species of Urochloa P.Beauv. (signal grass), important as tropical forage grasses, are characterised by asexual seed formation (apomixis), and this presents a challenge for breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches could be an option to develop improved cultivars. We evaluated the regenerative potential from three commercial genotypes, U. brizantha cv. Marandu, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk and U. ruziziensis cv. Ruziziensis, by using leaf-base segments as explants. We tested two auxins (2,4-D and picloram) and one cytokinin (TDZ) at four concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L–1). Seeds were scarified, peeled and disinfected before inoculation on half-strength MS media in the dark for 14 days. Leaf-base explants were sectioned in thin slices and inoculated into the media. We analysed the number of primary calluses, number of calluses with shoots clusters and the average of regenerated plants. The lowest concentration of auxins tested (1 mg L–1) yielded the highest number of regenerated plants for Marandú and Basilisk, whereas the optimum for Ruziziensis was 2 mg L–1. Medium with higher concentrations of TDZ (4 mg L–1) was required to produce high frequency of plants for all genotypes. Explants cultured on media with TDZ produced very few calluses. These results indicate that the auxins and cytokinin tested can induce plant regeneration from Urochloa leaf-base segments, and may be used to produce transgenic plants in genetic transformation studies.

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