Plant genome editing in the European Union—to be or not to be—a GMO

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorben Sprink ◽  
Janina Metje ◽  
Joachim Schiemann ◽  
Frank Hartung
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
The European Union

The genome editing technique is covered by Directive 2001/18 - Comment on Advocate Bobek’s Opinion in case C-528/16

elni Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Ludwig Krämer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advocate General ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Subject

The question, whether or not plants that were obtained by genome editing are covered by Directive 2001/181 is at present the subject of proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In this case, Advocate General (AG) Bobek has just issued his Opinion. He concluded that such plants are exempted from the provisions of the Directive, as genome editing is a form of mutagenesis, so that the exemption of Art. 3(1) of the Directive, read in conjunction with its Annex I B, applied. The application of the precautionary principle does not lead, in his opinion, to a different result. The Opinion of the AG is not binding for the CJEU. However, it has a considerable weight, as it is the first factual and legal analysis of the case made by someone else than one of the Parties, and as the AG is an eminent lawyer with a rich professional experience and who is in rank equal to a judge at the CJEU. This contribution argues that the Opinion of the AG comes to conclusions which are contrary to the wording and the purpose of Directive 2001/18, and that genome editing must be understood as being covered by the provisions of that Directive.

Human Rights in the Council of Europe and the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Greer ◽  
Janneke Gerards ◽  
Rose Slowe
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe

The Politics of the European Union

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Lelieveldt ◽  
Sebastiaan Princen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union

The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonori ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
José J. Vázquez ◽  
Mary Fe Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
World Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Homeless Mentally Ill ◽  
The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

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