scholarly journals Reverse Genetics for Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus: Current Status and Lessons to Learn from Other Non-segmented Negative-Sense RNA Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Niyokwishimira ◽  
Yongxi Dou ◽  
Bang Qian ◽  
Prajapati Meera ◽  
Zhidong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Negative Sense

scholarly journals A decade after the generation of a negative-sense RNA virus from cloned cDNA – what have we learned?

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2635-2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Neumann ◽  
Michael A. Whitt ◽  
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Virus Assembly ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Cell Immune Response ◽  
Cloned Cdna ◽  
Negative Sense

Since the first generation of a negative-sense RNA virus entirely from cloned cDNA in 1994, similar reverse genetics systems have been established for members of most genera of the Rhabdo- and Paramyxoviridae families, as well as for Ebola virus (Filoviridae). The generation of segmented negative-sense RNA viruses was technically more challenging and has lagged behind the recovery of nonsegmented viruses, primarily because of the difficulty of providing more than one genomic RNA segment. A member of the Bunyaviridae family (whose genome is composed of three RNA segments) was first generated from cloned cDNA in 1996, followed in 1999 by the production of influenza virus, which contains eight RNA segments. Thus, reverse genetics, or the de novo synthesis of negative-sense RNA viruses from cloned cDNA, has become a reliable laboratory method that can be used to study this large group of medically and economically important viruses. It provides a powerful tool for dissecting the virus life cycle, virus assembly, the role of viral proteins in pathogenicity and the interplay of viral proteins with components of the host cell immune response. Finally, reverse genetics has opened the way to develop live attenuated virus vaccines and vaccine vectors.

scholarly journals Trimeric Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Binds Specifically to the Viral RNA Panhandle

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 8281-8288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mir ◽  
A. T. Panganiban
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Sin Nombre Virus ◽  
Viral Capsid ◽  
Genomic Rna ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
N Protein ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Negative Sense

ABSTRACT Hantaviruses are tripartite negative-sense RNA viruses and members of the Bunyaviridae family. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is encoded by the smallest of the three genome segments (S). N protein is the principal structural component of the viral capsid and is central to the hantavirus replication cycle. We examined intermolecular N-protein interaction and RNA binding by using bacterially expressed Sin Nombre virus N protein. N assembles into di- and trimeric forms. The mono- and dimeric forms exist transiently and assemble into a trimeric form. In contrast, the trimer is highly stable and does not efficiently disassemble into the mono- and dimeric forms. The purified N-protein trimer is able to discriminate between viral and nonviral RNA molecules and, interestingly, recognizes and binds with high affinity the panhandle structure composed of the 3′ and 5′ ends of the genomic RNA. In contrast, the mono- and dimeric forms of N bind RNA to form a complex that is semispecific and salt sensitive. We suggest that trimerization of N protein is a molecular switch to generate a protein complex that can discriminate between viral and nonviral RNA molecules during the early steps of the encapsidation process.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Bunyavirus Replication by Rearrangement of Viral Coding and Noncoding Sequences

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 6940-6946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anice C. Lowen ◽  
Amanda Boyd ◽  
John K. Fazakerley ◽  
Richard M. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prototype Virus ◽  
Negative Sense

ABSTRACT Bunyamwera virus (BUN) is the prototype virus of the family Bunyaviridae. BUN has a tripartite negative-sense RNA genome comprising small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments. Partially complementary untranslated regions (UTRs) flank the coding region of each segment. The terminal 11 nucleotides of these UTRs are conserved between the three segments, while the internal regions are unique. The UTRs direct replication and transcription of viral RNA and are sufficient to allow encapsidation of viral RNA into ribonucleoprotein complexes. To investigate the segment-specific functions of the UTRs, we have used reverse genetics to recover a recombinant virus (called BUN MLM) in which the L segment open reading frame (ORF) is flanked by the M segment UTRs. Compared to wild-type virus, BUN MLM virus shows growth attenuation in cultured mammalian cells and a slower disease progression in mice, produces small plaques, expresses reduced levels of L mRNA and L (RNA polymerase) protein, synthesizes less L genomic and antigenomic RNA, and has an increased particle-to-PFU ratio. Our data suggest that the packaging of BUN RNAs is not segment specific. In addition, the phenotype of BUN MLM virus supports the finding that BUN UTRs differ in their regulation of RNA synthesis but suggests that the interplay between each segment UTR and its cognate ORF may contribute to that regulation. Since BUN MLM virus is attenuated due to an essentially irreversible mutation, the rearrangement of UTRs is a feasible strategy for vaccine design for the more pathogenic members of the Bunyaviridae.

DDX3 inhibitors show antiviral activity against positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses but not against negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: The coxsackie B model

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 104750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Quaranta ◽  
Giulia Lottini ◽  
Giulia Chesi ◽  
Flavia Contrafatto ◽  
Roberta Russotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Coxsackie B

scholarly journals A Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics System for Animal Double-Stranded RNA Viruses

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kobayashi ◽  
Annukka A.R. Antar ◽  
Karl W. Boehme ◽  
Pranav Danthi ◽  
Elizabeth A. Eby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

scholarly journals Novel Viruses Found in Antricola Ticks Collected in Bat Caves in the Western Amazonia of Brazil

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Lie Blomström ◽  
Hermes R. Luz ◽  
Pontus Öhlund ◽  
Matthew Lukenge ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Bat Guano

In this study, we describe the viral composition of adult Antricola delacruzi ticks collected in a hot bat cave in the state of Rondônia, Western Amazonia, Brazil. A. delacruzi ticks, are special, compared to many other ticks, in that they feed on both bats (larval blood feeding) and bat guano (nymphal and adult feeding) instead of feeding exclusively on vertebrate hosts (blood feeding). Considering this unique life-cycle it is potentially possible that these ticks can pick up/be infected by viruses not only present in the blood of viremic bats but also by virus shed through the bat guano. The viral metagenomic investigation of adult ticks showed that single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses were the dominant group of viruses identified in the investigated ticks. Out of these, members of the Nairoviridae family were in clear majority constituting 88% of all viral reads in the data set. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses indicate the presence of several different orthonairoviruses in the investigated ticks with only distant relationship to previously described ones. In addition, identification of viral sequences belonging to Orthomyxoviridae, Iflaviridae, Dicistroviridae, Polycipiviridae, Reoviridae and different unclassified RNA viruses showed the presence of viruses with low sequence similarity to previously described viruses.

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