A case with multiple accessory foramina of mandible in a fetus

The present study was conducted to ascertain the shape, size, presence of accessory foramina, direction, and the precise position of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the inferior orbital margin (IOM), anterior nasal spine (ANS), nasion (Na), maxillary teeth, and supraorbital foramen/notch (SOF/N) in adult skulls in a Sri Lankan population. Fifty-four skulls (42 males and 12 females) were analyzed. The IOF was oval in shape (38.6% and 36.3% on the right and left side, resp.) in a majority of skulls. The direction of the IOF was mostly medially downward (48.6%). Accessory foramina were found in 7.4% of the skulls. The infraorbital foramina were located at a mean distance of 6.52 ± 2.03 mm and 7.30 ± 1.57 mm, vertically below the IOM on the right and left side, respectively; 33.81 ± 2.68 mm and 34.23 ± 2.56 mm from the ANS on the right and left side, respectively; and 42.37 ± 3.52 mm and 42.52 ± 3.28 mm from the Na on the right and left side, respectively. In relation to the upper teeth the majority of IOF (37.5% and 55.9% on the right and left side, resp.) were located in the same vertical axis as the tip of the buccal cusp of the maxillary second premolar tooth.

Download Full-text

Anatomicosurgical References for Endoscopic Localization of Sphenopalatine Foramen: A Cadaveric Study

Clinical Rhinology An International Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1282 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

Ashok Gupta ◽

Daisy Sahni ◽

Tulika Gupta ◽

Anjali Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Cadaveric Study ◽

Lateral Nasal Wall ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Middle Meatus ◽

Sphenopalatine Foramen ◽

Common Location ◽

Superior Meatus ◽

Endoscopic Localization ◽

Accessory Foramina

ABSTRACT Introduction In patients with posterior epistaxis, generally the source of bleeding is branches of sphenopalatine artery (SPA), which enter the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF). Cases of intractable massive bleeding may require endonasal endoscopic occlusion of these vessels. Materials and methods A total of 32 hemisections of formalinfixed cadaveric heads were used. The anatomic variations of SPF, its distance from anatomical landmarks, and angle of elevation of endoscope were studied so as to facilitate accurate localization of the foramen and endoscopic arterial ligation. Results The SPF was generally single; however, multiple exits in the form of accessory foramina were found in 36.75% hemisections. The transition of superior and middle meatuses was the most common location of SPF, followed by the superior meatus, and middle meatus was the least common site. The accessory foramina were commonly present in the superior meatus. Ethmoid crest was distinctly visible in all but two cases. In majority of the cases, the SPF was located within a range of 55 to 65 mm from the anterior nasal spine (ANS); 60 to 70 mm from piriform aperture, 50 to 60 mm from limen nasi, 20.1 to 25 mm vertically above the floor of nasal cavity, and 8 to 15 mm from the inferior turbinate (IT). The angulation of SPF from the floor of nasal cavity was 20 to 30°. Conclusion Exploration of lateral nasal wall (LNW) up to middle meatus would minimize the risk of missing any arterial branch, and the data of distance from the anatomical references would assist in more precise localization of SPF during endoscopic ligation or cauterization of the branches of the SPA. How to cite this article Aggarwal A, Gupta T, Sahni D, Gupta A. Anatomicosurgical References for Endoscopic Localization of Sphenopalatine Foramen: A Cadaveric Study. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(3):109-114.

Download Full-text

Multiple unilateral accessory mandibular foramina-a case report

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401687 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 01 (04) ◽

pp. 190-192

Author(s):

Anupama Mahajan ◽

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽

Third Molar ◽

Mandibular Canal ◽

Molar Tooth ◽

Posterior Border ◽

Mandibular Foramen ◽

Inner Surface ◽

Accessory Foramina

AbstractAccessory foramina in the mandible are known to transmit branches of nerves supplying the roots of the teeth. The mandibular foramen is present on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible which transmits the inferior alveolar nerve. An adult human mandible of unknown sex was found to have multiple mandibular foramina on the medial surface of right ramus. A large accessory mandibular foramen was present anterosuperior to the main mandibular foramen. The dimensions were 6 mm antero posteriorly and 11mm vertically. The dimensions of the mandibular foramen were 9 mm antero posteriorly and 12mm vertically. The distance between two foramina was 20 mm and between the accessory mandibular foramen and apex of lingula was 7 mm. The distance between the posterior border of the accessory mandibular foramen and posterior border of ramus were 15 mm. The accessory mandibular foramen led into a canal which was directed obliquely and joined the mandibular canal at the level of third molar tooth. Two more small mandibular foramina were present one just below the accessory mandibular foramen discussed above and second near the main mandibular foramen. Both of them were of too small size to measure. The accessory mandibular foramen is a rare variation and awareness of its incidence and its position is necessary. The structures passing through it can be compromised during surgical procedures of this area.

Download Full-text