Morphometric Analysis of the Infraorbital Foramen: The Clinical Relevance

The present study was conducted to ascertain the shape, size, presence of accessory foramina, direction, and the precise position of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the inferior orbital margin (IOM), anterior nasal spine (ANS), nasion (Na), maxillary teeth, and supraorbital foramen/notch (SOF/N) in adult skulls in a Sri Lankan population. Fifty-four skulls (42 males and 12 females) were analyzed. The IOF was oval in shape (38.6% and 36.3% on the right and left side, resp.) in a majority of skulls. The direction of the IOF was mostly medially downward (48.6%). Accessory foramina were found in 7.4% of the skulls. The infraorbital foramina were located at a mean distance of 6.52 ± 2.03 mm and 7.30 ± 1.57 mm, vertically below the IOM on the right and left side, respectively; 33.81 ± 2.68 mm and 34.23 ± 2.56 mm from the ANS on the right and left side, respectively; and 42.37 ± 3.52 mm and 42.52 ± 3.28 mm from the Na on the right and left side, respectively. In relation to the upper teeth the majority of IOF (37.5% and 55.9% on the right and left side, resp.) were located in the same vertical axis as the tip of the buccal cusp of the maxillary second premolar tooth.

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Characteristics of some anatomical landmarks on the anterior face of the maxilla

ARS Medica Tomitana ◽

10.2478/arsm-2013-0014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 79-83

Author(s):

M.Cr. Stan ◽

P. Bordei ◽

C. Dina ◽

D.M. Iliescu

Keyword(s):

Average Diameter ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Anterior Wall ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Alveolar Process ◽

Infraorbital Foramen ◽

Canine Fossa ◽

Small Tubercle ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

Abstract The canine bossa (not listed in TA) was clearly visible in 80% of cases, less prominent in 12% of cases or even absent in 8% of cases. The most commonly is oval in shape with the long axis oriented vertically or slightly oblique infero-medially. In 60% of cases the two fossae showed approximately equal sizes. For the rest of the 40% of the cases, the left one was larger (24 cases) than the right one. In 12% of cases we found a dehiscent anterior wall of the canine fossa for more than half of its height. The myrtiform fossa (also not mentioned in the TA) was oval, with the long axis oriented vertically and with same dimensions bilaterally in 60% of cases. In 2/3 of cases was evident (deeper) on the right. In 28% of cases we found it rounded, more frequently also on the right and in 12% of cases we found it as having an irregular shape. In about 10% of cases have it was almost flat. The canine fossa (Fossa canina) has various shapes, more frequently rounded with an average diameter of 0.8-0.9 cm. In 30% of cases was oval, with vertical long axis of 1 cm in and 0.7 cm width. The cases of rounded canine fossa, well circumscribed and deeper, were more prevalent on the left. The infraorbital foramen (Foramen infraorbitale) was circular in equal proportions (in half of the cases), with a diameter of 2.5-5 mm, or oval, with 3-5 mm vertical axis and 1.5-3 mm horizontal axis. Note the difference in shape in the same skull: circular on the left and oval on the right (most frequent case) or vice versa. The distance from the infraorbital border is variable, being lower on the left in 65% of cases. Compared to the piriform aperture, the infraorbital foramen is located at 0.9 to 1.7 cm on the right and at 1.2-1.7 cm on the left. We encountered five cases with double infraorbital foramen. The intermaxillary suture is vertical in only 35% of cases. In other cases it is deviated to the left in 40% of cases, and in 25% of the cases is oriented to the right. The degree of inclination is variable, making with the horizontal an angle between 95 to 1100. The alveolar process (Procesus alveolaris) is wider posteriorly. There is a difference in width right-to-left, being wider on the right side in 40% of cases (6-13 mm), are the same size on both sides in 30% of cases, the other 30% of cases being thicker on the left. The zygomatic process (Procesus zygomaticus) may be sharp or, more frequently, with a serrated or rounded edge and with a small tubercle in almost 50% of cases

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The Surgical Landmark for Facial Foramen

Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1124 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 121-124

Author(s):

Jumroon Tungkeeratichai ◽

Thongchai Bhongmakapat ◽

Porncharn Saitongdee ◽

Pisamai Orathai

Keyword(s):

Mental Foramen ◽

Infraorbital Foramen ◽

The Right ◽

Infraorbital Rim ◽

Supraorbital Foramen ◽

Neurovascular Bundles

ABSTRACT Objective To study the localization and relative of the supratrochlear, supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramen in Thai cadavers to external landmarks for helps the surgeon to easily and practically identify these foramen. Materials and methods The localization of the supratrochlear, supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramen in adult Thai cadavers were studied in 110 cadevers (220 sides) from 2008 until 2012. The analyses were also performed to compare differences between sexes and sides. Results Mean length of supraorbital foramen from nasal midline on the right side was 2.76 cm, left side 2.75 cm, above supraorbital rim right side 0.23 cm, left side 0.23 cm. Mean length of supratrochlear foramen from nasal midline on the right side was 1.77 cm, left side 1.76 cm. Mean length of infraorbital foramen from maxillary midline on the right side was 3.06 cm, left side 3.07 cm, from infraorbital rim on the right side was 0.94 cm, left side 0.92 cm. Mean length of mental foramen measurement straight to symphysis menti on the right side was 3.19 cm, left side 3.18 cm. Measurement along curvature of the mandible on the right side was 3.49 cm, left side 3.49 cm. Conclusion The knowledge gained from this study is quite important, since it helps the surgeon to easily and practically identify supraorbital notch/foramen, supratrochlea foramen, infraorbital foramen and mental foramen. This will help avoid injury of the neurovascular bundles passing though these sets of foramen. How to cite this article Tungkeeratichai J, Bhongmakapat T, Saitongdee P, Orathai P. The Surgical Landmark for Facial Foramen. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):121-124.

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The Surgical Landmark for Facial Foramen

Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal ◽

10.5005/aijoc-5-3-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Jumroon Tungkeeratichai ◽

Thongchai Bhongmakapat ◽

Porncharn Saitongdee ◽

Pisamai Orathai

Keyword(s):

Mental Foramen ◽

Infraorbital Foramen ◽

The Right ◽

Infraorbital Rim ◽

Supraorbital Foramen ◽

Neurovascular Bundles

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Morphometric Analysis of Infraorbital Foramen Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in a Cohort of Sri Lankan Adults

International Journal of Morphology ◽

10.4067/s0717-95022021000200489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 489-496

Author(s):

I. P Thilakumara ◽

P. V. K. S Hettiarachchi ◽

R. M Jayasinghe ◽

M. C. N Fonseka ◽

R. D Jayasinghe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Infraorbital Foramen

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Morphometric Analysis of the Infraorbital Foramen in Adult Sri Lankan Skulls

International Journal of Morphology ◽

10.4067/s0717-95022010000300019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Isurani Ilayperuma ◽

Ganananda Nanayakkara ◽

Nadeeka Palahepitiya

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Infraorbital Foramen

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MORPHOMETRIC ANATOMY AND INTRAORGAN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CORONARY ORIFICES IN HEART OF ADULT HUMAN

Морфология ◽

10.34922/ae.2020.158.4.006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Андрей Аркадьевич Якимов ◽

Евгения Германовна Дмитриева

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Left Coronary Artery ◽

Rare Variants ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Aortic Valves ◽

Sinotubular Junction ◽

Adult Human ◽

The Right

Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого человека при разных типах кровоснабжения желудочкового комплекса сердца. Материал и методы. На вскрытых через некоронарные синусы аорты 65 препаратах клапанов аорты взрослых людей изучили положение устьев венечных артерий, штангенциркулем измеряли минимальный и максимальный диаметры каждого устья, определяли их форму по соотношению диаметров. Результаты. Для устьев обеих артерий типичной была округлая, реже овальная форма. В большинстве случаев левая венечная артерия начиналась в центральной трети, правая - в центральной или задней трети «своего» синуса на уровне верхнего края полулунной заслонки или между ним и синотубулярным соединением. Локализация устьев в пределах синусов, на уровне синотубулярного соединения или выше него была редкой для обеих артерий. В 20 % случаев в правом синусе аорты спереди от устья правой венечной артерии имелось устье конусной артерии. Выводы. Типичные и редкие варианты формы правого и левого устьев, варианты их положения по вертикальной оси аорты одинаковы, варианты их положения по горизонтали различны. Зависимость вариантов формы и положения устьев от типа кровоснабжения желудочков сердца не выявлена. Objective - to reveal common and rare variants of the anatomy and intraorganic topography of the coronary orifices in normal hearts of adult human with regard to patterns of cardiac ventricular blood supply. Material and methods. On 65 specimens of aortic valves opened through non-coronary sinus, the minimal and maximal diameters of each orifice were measured with a caliper, the shape of the orifices was determined according to the ratio of the diameters, and the position of the orifices was studied. Results. The orifices of both right and left coronary arteries were mostly found to be round, less frequently oval. In most cases, the left coronary artery arose from the central third and the right artery arose from the central or posterior third of corresponding sinus at the level of the upper edge of the semilunar cusp or between the edge and the sinotubular junction. The localization of the arterial orifice within the sinuses at the level of sinotubular junction or above it was uncommon for the both arteries. In 20 % of cases, the conal artery arose with its own orifice in front of the mouth of the right coronary artery. Conclusions. Typical and rare shapes of the coronary orifices, variants of their position regarding to vertical axis of the aorta are the same, whereas variants of their position in horizontal axis are different. There is no relationship between variants of form of the orifices, position of the orifices and types of blood supply of heart ventricles.

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Converting Raw Accelerometer Data to Activity Counts Using Open-Source Code: Implementing a MATLAB Code in Python and R, and Comparing the Results to ActiLife

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour ◽

10.1123/jmpb.2019-0063 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ruben Brondeel ◽

Yan Kestens ◽

Javad Rahimipour Anaraki ◽

Kevin Stanley ◽

Benoit Thierry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Accelerometer Sensor ◽

Interclass Correlation ◽

Acceleration Data ◽

The Right ◽

Pearson Correlations ◽

Closed Source

Background: Closed-source software for processing and analyzing accelerometer data provides little to no information about the algorithms used to transform acceleration data into physical activity indicators. Recently, an algorithm was developed in MATLAB that replicates the frequently used proprietary ActiLife activity counts. The aim of this software profile was (a) to translate the MATLAB algorithm into R and Python and (b) to test the accuracy of the algorithm on free-living data. Methods: As part of the INTErventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team, data were collected from 86 participants in Victoria (Canada). The participants were asked to wear an integrated global positioning system and accelerometer sensor (SenseDoc) for 10 days on the right hip. Raw accelerometer data were processed in ActiLife, MATLAB, R, and Python and compared using Pearson correlation, interclass correlation, and visual inspection. Results: Data were collected for a combined 749 valid days (>10 hr wear time). MATLAB, Python, and R counts per minute on the vertical axis had Pearson correlations with the ActiLife counts per minute of .998, .998, and .999, respectively. All three algorithms overestimated ActiLife counts per minute, some by up to 2.8%. Conclusions: A MATLAB algorithm for deriving ActiLife counts was implemented in R and Python. The different implementations provide similar results to ActiLife counts produced in the closed source software and can, for all practical purposes, be used interchangeably. This opens up possibilities to comparing studies using similar accelerometers from different suppliers, and to using free, open-source software.

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Morphometric analysis of the actions of angiotensin II on renal arterioles and glomeruli

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1992.262.3.f367 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (3) ◽

pp. F367-F372 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. M. Denton ◽

P. A. Fennessy ◽

D. Alcorn ◽

W. P. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Unit Length ◽

Average Difference ◽

Outer Cortex ◽

Efferent Arteriole ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The Right

To study the effects of angiotensin II on afferent and efferent arteriole diameters and on intraglomerular dimensions, angiotensin II (20 ng.kg-1.min-1) or saline vehicle was infused intravenously for 20 min into anesthetized rabbits pretreated with enalapril. Both kidneys were perfusion fixed (glutaraldehyde), and vascular casts were made of the right kidneys using methacrylate. Morphometric analysis of the left kidneys using transmission electron microscopy revealed no significant effects of angiotensin II within the glomerulus, including the degree of mesangial contraction. The diameters of the afferent and efferent arteriole casts from the right kidneys were measured at 20, 50, and 75 microns from the glomerulus by scanning electron microscopy. In the outer cortex the mean diameters of the afferent and efferent arterioles were 14.1 +/- 0.8 and 9.7 +/- 0.5 microns, respectively, in the angiotensin II-infused rabbits, significantly less than in the control (vehicle) rabbits, 17.0 +/- 0.7 microns (P less than 0.001) and 10.7 +/- 0.4 microns (P less than 0.005), respectively. Calculation of the relative changes in vascular resistance, however, indicated that the effects of angiotensin II on efferent arteriole resistance (average difference 2.4 +/- 1.2 units/microns) were significantly greater per unit length than the effects on afferent arteriole resistance (average difference 0.9 +/- 0.3 units/microns). Thus infused angiotensin II caused greater reduction in afferent arteriolar diameter than in efferent, but the calculated increase in vascular resistance per micron was greater in efferent vessels due to their smaller resting diameter.

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Level I to III craniofacial approaches based on Barrow classification for treatment of skull base meningiomas: surgical technique, microsurgical anatomy, and case illustrations

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2011.3.focus1110 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. E5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Emel Avcı ◽

Erinç Aktüre ◽

Hakan Seçkin ◽

Kutluay Uluç ◽

Andrew M. Bauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Technique ◽

Skull Base ◽

Surgical Anatomy ◽

Microsurgical Anatomy ◽

Middle Point ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Skull Base Meningiomas ◽

Supraorbital Foramen ◽

Ethmoidal Foramen

Object Although craniofacial approaches to the midline skull base have been defined and surgical results have been published, clear descriptions of these complex approaches in a step-wise manner are lacking. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the surgical technique of craniofacial approaches based on Barrow classification (Levels I–III) and to study the microsurgical anatomy pertinent to these complex craniofacial approaches. Methods Ten adult cadaveric heads perfused with colored silicone and 24 dry human skulls were used to study the microsurgical anatomy and to demonstrate craniofacial approaches in a step-wise manner. In addition to cadaveric studies, case illustrations of anterior skull base meningiomas were presented to demonstrate the clinical application of the first 3 (Levels I–III) approaches. Results Cadaveric head dissection was performed in 10 heads using craniofacial approaches. Ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, cribriform plate, orbit, planum sphenoidale, clivus, sellar, and parasellar regions were shown at Levels I, II, and III. In 24 human dry skulls (48 sides), a supraorbital notch (85.4%) was observed more frequently than the supraorbital foramen (14.6%). The mean distance between the supraorbital foramen notch to the midline was 21.9 mm on the right side and 21.8 mm on the left. By accepting the middle point of the nasofrontal suture as a landmark, the mean distances to the anterior ethmoidal foramen from the middle point of this suture were 32 mm on the right side and 34 mm on the left. The mean distance between the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina was 12.3 mm on both sides; the mean distance between the posterior ethmoidal foramen and distal opening of the optic canal was 7.1 mm on the right side and 7.3 mm on the left. Conclusions Barrow classification is a simple and stepwise system to better understand the surgical anatomy and refine the techniques in performing these complex craniofacial approaches. On the other hand, thorough anatomical knowledge of the midline skull base and variations of the neurovascular structures is crucial to perform successful craniofacial approaches.

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Evaluation of Anatomoradiological Findings on Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients Using Computed Tomography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics12010073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Seçil Aksoy ◽

Arzu Sayın Şakul ◽

Durmuş İlker Görür ◽

Bayram Ufuk Şakul ◽

Kaan Orhan

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Median Plane ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Foramen Ovale ◽

Percutaneous Procedures ◽

The Right ◽

And Control ◽

Supraorbital Foramen

The study aimed to establish and evaluate anatomoradiological landmarks in trigeminal neuralgia patients using computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT. CT images of 40 trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and 40 healthy individuals were retrospectively analyzed and enrolled in the study. The width and length of the foramen rotundum (FR), foramen ovale (FO), foramen supraorbitale, and infraorbitale were measured. The distances between these foramen, between these foramen to the median plane, and between the superior orbital fissure, FO, and FR to clinoid processes were also measured bilaterally. Variations were evaluated according to groups. Significant differences were found for width and length of the foramen ovale, length of the foramen supraorbitale, and infraorbitale between TN and control subjects (p < 0.05). On both sides, FO gets narrower and the length of the infraorbital and supraorbital foramen shortens in the TN group. In most of the control patients, the plane which passes through the infraorbital and supraorbital foramen intersects with impression trigeminale; 70% on the right-side, and 67% in the left-side TN groups. This plane does not intersect with impression trigeminale and deviates in certain degrees. The determination of specific landmarks allows customization to individual patient anatomy and may help the surgeon achieve a more selective effect with a variety of percutaneous procedures in trigeminal neuralgia patients.

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