Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Author(s):  
Julia K. Zograf ◽  
Yulia A. Trebukhova ◽  
Vladimir V. Yushin ◽  
Konstantin V. Yakovlev
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Zograf ◽  
Yulia A. Trebukhova ◽  
Vladimir V. Yushin ◽  
Konstantin V. Yakovlev

Abstract Major sperm proteins (MSP) are a nematode-specific system of motor proteins required for amoeboid sperm movement. A number of MSP genes vary in different nematode species, but encoded protein sequences reveal high homology between these proteins. In fact, all studies of MSPs localization and functions are based exclusively on the representatives of the order Rhabditida belonging to the nematode class Chromadorea, while MSP-driven sperm movement in Enoplea, another major clade of the phylum Nematoda is still unconfirmed. In this study, we found out the presence of MSPs in the enoplean nematode Enoplus brevis (Enoplida) and compared MSP localization in sperm of this species with the chromadorean nematode Panagrellus redivivus (Rhabditida). Then, we analyzed the putative MSP sequences of both species. Our results indicate that MSPs are presented in E. brevis spermatozoa and form filamentous structures after sperm activation, which may be considered as the evidence of their motor functions similar to those in the spermatozoa of chromadorean nematodes. We found that E. brevis MSPs show lower homology to known proteins of rhabditids which species reveal hyper-conservatism in MSP protein sequences. It reflects evidently more distant evolutionary relationships of Enoplea and Chromadorea than exist within Rhabditida order. Our data denote necessity of reconsideration of view on MSP evolution within Nematoda.


Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Leroi ◽  
Scott Emmons ◽  
Ana Cunha ◽  
Ricardo B.R. Azevedo

AbstractNematodes are generally considered to have an adult cell number that does not vary among wildtype individuals as a consequence of invariant cell lineages (eutely). However, there is extensive evidence that at least some cell lineages can be variable in nematodes. In a comparative study of 13 free-living nematode species, we have shown that the adult epidermis of most species contained variable numbers of nuclei and that this variance was positively correlated with mean epidermal nuclear number. Here we present simulations of the lateral seam cell lineages of four species and show that variance in cell number is influenced by lineage topology, as well as by the frequency of lineage variants. We show that the epidermal variability of Panagrellus redivivus cannot be accounted for by the complexity of its lineage, but requires higher levels of lineage variability than are found in Caenorhabditis elegans, Oscheius myriophila and Rhabditella octopleura. Our findings suggest that many nematodes may have tissues composed of indeterminate numbers of cells formed from variable lineages and, as such, resemble other metazoans. Les nématodes sont généralement considérés comme ayant un nombre de cellules invariable chez les individus de type sauvage, conséquence d’un lignage cellulaire fixe (eutélie). Cependant, il est d’évidence qu’au moins certains des lignages cellulaires peuvent varier chez les nématodes. Dans une étude comparative portant sur 13 espèces de nématodes libres, nous avions montré que l’épiderme de la plupart de ces espèces comportait un nombre variable de noyaux et que cette variabilité était corrélée positivement avec le nombre de noyaux épidermiques. Nous présentons ici des simulations des lignages cellulaires de la suture latérale de quatre espèces et démontrons que le nombre de cellules est influencé tant par la topologie du lignage que par la fréquence des variants de ce lignage. Nous montrons que la variabilité de l’épiderme de Panagrellus redivivus ne peut être mise au compte de la complexité de son lignage, mais demande des niveaux élevés de variabilité de ce lignage, tels ceux trouvés chez Caenorhabditis elegans, Oscheius myriophila et Rhabditella octopleura. Nos observations suggèrent que nombre de nématodes possèdent des tissus composés d’un nombre indéterminé de cellules dérivant de lignages variables et, de ce fait, ressemblent aux autres metazoaires.


Author(s):  
Nabil Majdi ◽  
Sebastian Weber ◽  
Walter Traunspurger

In this study, we measured the daily consumption of four different nematode species by a small freshwater catfish species, Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858). Consumption of nematodes by fishes was significant with a single C. aeneus individual being able to consume in 24 h between 40 581 and 75 849 adult nematodes depending on the nematode species offered. This represented the ingestion of up to 238 mg wet weight when considering the largest nematode species: Panagrellus redivivus. Our results strengthen the growing evidence of a significant trophic channel existing between meiobenthic invertebrates like nematodes and small bottom-feeding fishes like C. aeneus. We also discuss the relevance of using P. redivivus as live food for rearing C. aeneus which is a popular ornamental fish.


2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
M.T. Quintero-Martínez ◽  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
E. Liébano-Hernández ◽  
...  

AbstractPredation by the mite Lasioseius penicilliger was studied on three nematode species, i.e. infective larval stages (L3) of Haemonchus contortus and adults of Panagrellus redivivus and Rhabditis sp. Experiments were carried out in 5.5-cm diameter Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar over a period of 5 days. Batches of up to 1500 third-stage larvae (L3) of H. contortus and 1000 adult nematodes of P. redivivus and Rhabditis sp. were exposed to five mites in separate Petri dishes. Upon contact, each mite used its pedipalp and legs to identify and hold its prey and then used its chelicerae to feed upon the prey. Predation by L. penicilliger was chance dependent but mites became aggregated around any injured/damaged prey, thereby suggesting some form of chemoperception. The rate of predation on the three species of nematodes was high but L3 of H. contortus and adult Rhabditis sp. were preferred.


1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balakanich ◽  
M. R. Samoiloff

The behavioral response of three genetically different stocks of the dioecious free-living nematode species complex Panagrellus redivivus – Panagrellus silusiae to mating attractant was examined. The male response to mating attractant showed strain differences, as did the nature of attractant produced by the females. The response of males is dose-dependent and showed optima at specific concentrations of females. These differences are under genetic control. Mating attraction increases inbreeding at low population densities and promotes outbreeding at high population densities. Several distinct attractants were isolated, at least one of which was protein, and none were ether-soluble. Most attractants were of low molecular weight, with only one high molecular-weight component.


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