Scenario-Aware Program Specialization for Timing Predictability

The successful application of static program analysis strongly depends on flow facts of a program such as loop bounds, control-flow constraints, and operating modes. This problem heavily affects the design of real-time systems, since static program analyses are a prerequisite to determine the timing behavior of a program. For example, this becomes obvious in worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis, which is often infeasible without user-annotated flow facts. Moreover, many timing simulation approaches use statically derived timings of partial program paths to reduce simulation overhead. Annotating flow facts on binary or source level is either error-prone and tedious, or requires specialized compilers that can transform source-level annotations along with the program during optimization. To overcome these obstacles, so-called scenarios can be used. Scenarios are a design-time methodology that describe a set of possible system parameters, such as image resolutions, operating modes, or application-dependent flow facts. The information described by a scenario is unknown in general but known and constant for a specific system. In this article, 1 we present a methodology for scenario-aware program specialization to improve timing predictability. Moreover, we provide an implementation of this methodology for embedded software written in C/C++. We show the effectiveness of our approach by evaluating its impact on WCET analysis using almost all of TACLeBench–achieving an average reduction of WCET of 31%. In addition, we provide a thorough qualitative and evaluation-based comparison to closely related work, as well as two case studies.

Best-Estimate for System Codes (BeSYC): A New Software to Perform Best-Estimate Plus Uncertainty Analyses with Thermal-Hydraulic and Safety System Codes for Both Fusion and Fission Scenarios

The development and the validation of old and new software in relevant DEMO reactor conditions have been exploited in the latest years within the EUROfusion Consortium. The aim was to use—if possible—the software already validated for fission reactors and to fill the gaps with new ad-hoc software. As contribution to this effort, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) developed and tested a novel software to apply the Best-Estimate Model Calibration and Prediction through Experimental Data Assimilation methodology to the system codes RELAP5-3D, MELCOR 1.8.6, and MELCOR 2.2. This software is called Best-estimate for SYstem Codes (BeSYC), and it is developed as a MATLAB App. The application is in charge of applying the mathematical framework of the methodology, writing and executing the code runs required by the methodology, and printing the obtained results. The main goal of BeSYC is to wrap up the methodology in a software suitable to be used by any user through a simple graphical user interface. Albeit developed in the fusion research context, BeSYC can be applied to any reactor/scenario type supported by the specific system code. The goals of BeSYC, the mathematical framework, the main characteristics, and the performed verification and validation activities are described in this paper.

Concussion treatment through Baria zasal: An exploration of Traditional Mongolian Medicine

There is no specific treatment for concussion in modern medicine; existing treatments are limited to resting and restoring cognition. For Mongolians, seeking concussion treatment from a bariachi, an advanced practitioner of the baria zasal traditional massage therapy, is very common. The baria zasal technique has been passed down the generations for millions of years, keeping with the Mongolian nomadic culture and way of life. However, this Mongolian treatment is little known or researched internationally. Due to the lack of literature on this subject, conducting a meta-analysis or systematic review was impossible. We reviewed the literature published in Mongolian about this technique. We also searched articles published from 1 January 1921 to 20 June 2021 in PubMed using "concussion", "baria zasal", and "Bariachi" keywords. Although informal observation indicates this is a commonly sought treatment among patients, there are very few published scientific articles about the practice outside the realm of cultural anthropology. This may be due to a few reasons: the informal, semi-religious setting in which the treatment takes place makes it difficult to conduct scientific field research; concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury, making it impossible to identify changes in the brain as a result of the treatment using imaging methods and therefore difficult to verify; and lastly, baria zasal is generally uncontested as a treatment even by Mongolian medical professionals, therefore it has not been the subject of empirical debate. Moreover, it is not classified under a specific system, each bariachi having its technique. As bariachis do not receive formal training, their treatments often depend on instincts, natural talents, and personal abilities. Therefore, it is recommended to study the techniques of baria zasal of concussion to explain its enduring popularity in Mongolia and to ascertain how it interacts with standard western medical treatment.

THE NATURE OF STRESS RESILIENCE OF CADETS OF DEPARTMENTAL INSTITUTES OF THE PENAL SYSTEM

Статья посвящена изучению понятия стрессоустойчивости и ее структурных элементов исходя из специфики данного качества у соответствующей категории - курсантов ведомственных вузов. Такое изучение необходимо, поскольку формирование стрессоустойчивости у будущих сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы имеет крайне важное значение, а эффективное формирование возможно только при уяснении специфической системы компонентов этой стрессоустойчивости. В данном исследовании автор анализирует стрессовые факторы профессиональной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы и делает вывод, что их можно сгруппировать в два блока: общие и специальные. Понимание стрессовых факторов и их характера позволяет более точно определить ключевое понятие «стрессоустойчивость», отразив его специфичность. Автор берет за основу понимание стрессоустойчивости как комплексного понятия и в процессе изучения специфических стрессоров приходит к заключению, что в комплекс элементов, образующих понятие стрессоустойчивость курсанта вуза ФСИН России, должны входить такие компоненты, как: коммуникативный, регулятивный, мотивационный, когнитивный. Выделяя компоненты стрессоустойчивости, автор дает понятие стрессоустойчивости сотрудника уголовно-исполнительной системы, а также предлагает алгоритм формирования данного свойства в процессе профессионального обучения. Тhe article is devoted to the study of the concept of stress resistance and its structural elements, based on the specifics of this quality in the corresponding category - cadets of departmental universities. Such a study is necessary because the formation of stress resistance in future employees of the penal system is extremely important, and effective formation is possible only if the specific system of components of this stress resistance is understood. In this study, the author sets himself the task of analyzing the stressful factors of the professional activity of employees of the penitentiary system and comes to the conclusion that they can be grouped into two blocks: general and special. Understanding stress factors and their nature allows us to more accurately define the key concept of «stress tolerance», reflecting its specificity. The author takes as a basis the understanding of stress resistance as a complex concept and in the process of studying specific stressors comes to the conclusion that the complex of elements forming the concept of stress resistance of a cadet of a departmental university of the Federal Penitentiary Service should include such components as: communicative, regulatory, motivational, cognitive. Highlighting the components of stress resistance, the author gives the concept of stress resistance of an employee of penal systems, and also offers an algorithm for the formation of this property in the process of vocational training.

The Overview of the Economic System in Papal Encyclicals

The article is an analysis and presentation of the overview of economic systems to which the popes of that time referred in their documents, most often in encyclicals. The article presents the image of society in the economic and social perspective as well as interpretations and comments on a specific system, which were included in the papal encyclicals. The article is a presentation of how popes in encyclicals responded to the emerging changes in the political system and new economic ideas.

CO2 Storage Potential Reconnaissance of the Newly Identified Red Beds of Hazlehurst in the Southeastern United States

The states of Georgia and South Carolina emitted ∼100 million tons (Mt) of CO2 in 2019 from point sources. Integration and interpretation of subsurface data enabled identification of a previously unrecognized, regionally extensive, and thick (up to 450 m) sedimentary sequence—the Red beds of Hazlehurst (RbH)—as a potential saline reservoir for CO2 storage in the southeastern United States. Based on the renewed stratigraphic framework and structural interpretation of the RbH interval, we analyzed detailed well logs and the depositional environments to provide reconnaissance-level regional scale estimations of the storage resource. The volumetric results suggest the effective storage area (∼85,000 km2) has a maximum resource potential for 390 gigatons (Gt) of anthropogenic CO2. Petrophysical measurements suggest the permeability of RbH ranges from 0.001 to 48 mD, and the porosity ranges from 11.1 to 18.4%. Residual/capillary trapping and solubility trapping act as the main trapping mechanisms for long term storage and prevent vertical migration of CO2 into the shallow freshwater aquifers. Due to the heterogeneity observed in geophysical logs and the scarcity of well penetrations, future data collection is needed to characterize the storage aquifer and confining aquitards of a site-specific system at this stage.

Prescription of Antimicrobials in Primary Health Care: Scoping Review

Objective: To map the available evidence about the prescription of antimicrobials in Primary Health Care. Methods: A Scoping Review has been proposed based on the procedures recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: This review included a total of 16 studies. The articles compiled demonstrated that this theme is the center of discussion, in a linear manner, over the past 12 years. Among the studies, 37.5% occurred in Brazil, and regarding the prescription of antimicrobials analyzed in studies, amoxicillin was the most prescribed, the physician was the prescribing professional in 12 studies, and the prescriptions were mostly intended for the general population (children, adolescents, adults and the elderly). Conclusion: This review ratifies the premise of rational use of antimicrobials promoted by the World Health Organization through the goals of sustainable development when understanding that these drugs have been considerably prescribed in the daily routine of Primary Health Care and there is no specific system to control and monitor their rational use.

Deeply-Dyed Nanobead System Based Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Point-of-Care Drug Testing

Point-of-care test (POCT), which allows for rapid and sensitive screening of drugs abuse, is essential and can significantly reduce the clinical, economic and social impact of the opioid crisis worldwide. However, the traditional gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay strip is not sensitive enough for detection of trace drugs in hair sample. Herein, we aimed to develop a more specific system using a composite polymer-based nanobead that is deeply dyed with phthalocyanine or similar oil soluble dyes, and termed as deeply dyed nanobead (DDNB). The prepared composite nanobeads displayed a clear core-shell structure and the core/shell ratios were readily controlled by polymer/dye feeding ratios. The absorbance stable nanobeads capped with carboxyl groups were covalently conjugated with antibodies, and were employed for preparation of lateral flow immunoassay strips for sensitive detection of drugs in hair with naked eye. The developed platform allows the detection of drugs such as morphine and methamphetamine in hair samples within 13 min (including hair sample processing ∼5 min). The cut-off value of DDNB strip for methamphetamine detection with naked eye is down to concentration of 8.0 ng/mL, which is about 3.1 times more sensitive than the traditional gold nanoparticles based lateral flow immunoassay. Moreover, the colorful DDNB system has the potential for multiplexing detection of analytes at point-of-care settings and with low cost.

Responsible innovation in health and health system sustainability: Insights from health innovators’ views and practices

Although healthcare managers make increasingly difficult decisions about health innovations, the way they may interact with innovators to foster health system sustainability remains underexplored. Drawing on the Responsible Innovation in Health (RIH) framework, this paper analyses interviews ( n=37) with Canadian and Brazilian innovators to identify: how they operationalize inclusive design processes; what influences the responsiveness of their innovation to system-level challenges; and how they consider the level and intensity of care required by their innovation. Our qualitative findings indicate that innovators seek to: 1) engage stakeholders at an early ideation stage through context-specific methods combining both formal and informal strategies; 2) address specific system-level benefits but often struggle with the positioning of their solution within the health system; and 3) mitigate staff shortages in specialized care, increase general practitioners’ capacity or patients and informal caregivers’ autonomy. These findings provide empirical insights on how healthcare managers can promote and organize collaborative processes that harness innovation towards more sustainable health systems. By adopting a RIH-oriented managerial role, they can set in place more inclusive design processes, articulate key system-level challenges, and help innovators adjust the level and intensity of care required by their innovation.

Developing a Risk Management System for Participating Government Agencies of India

Trade facilitation is a critical building block of developing globally integrated value chains. In India, current trade facilitation systems including risk assessment criteria require improvements involving regulatory mandates for food and drugs, animal and plant quarantine, wildlife protection, and textile products. Using illustrative examples, this working paper presents specific system development needs for six major participating government agencies on trade facilitation in India. It provides a model for developing a comprehensive system of risk management. It also discusses the need for institutional cooperation between customs authorities and participating government agencies for a comprehensive single window trade facilitation solution.