Dynamics of Leishmania infection rates in Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Akhavan ◽  
M.R. Yaghoobi-Ershadi ◽  
A. Khamesipour ◽  
H. Mirhendi ◽  
M.H. Alimohammadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus

Baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to DDT and pyrethroids in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Saeidi ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Amir Ahmad Akhavan ◽  
Mohamad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi ◽  
Yavar Rassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Leishmania major in Hemiechinus auritus, A Potential Reservoir of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Damghan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrad Pourmohammadi ◽  
Sadegh Mohammadi-Azni
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major is endemic in 17 of 31 Iranian provinces. Various species of rodents have been introduced as the main reservoirs of the disease. This study was conducted to de­termine the natural infection of hedgehogs with Leishmania spp. in an endemic area of the disease, northern Iran. Methods: Fifteen long-eared hedgehogs were captured alive during 18 months study period, from Apr 2015 to Sep 2016, in Damghan City, Semnan Province, Iran. The animals were identified using apparent characteristics and to de­termine the Leishmania infection, impression smears were prepared from their ear lobes, hind feet, livers, and spleens. Micro­scopic examination and semi-nested PCR were applied to determine the infection and to identify the parasites species respectively. Results: All examined animals were identified as Hemiechinus auritus (Family: Erinaceidae). In microscopic examina­tion, 8 (53.3%) samples were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. The higher and lower rate of the infection was observed in the ears as well as the feet and in the liver specimens, 53.3%, and 33.3% respectively. Forty percent (6/ 15) of the samples were molecularly positive and all were identified as L. major parasites. All the examined animals in au­tumn and 50% of them in summer were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the natural infection of H. auritus with L. major for the first time in Damghan City and introduced these mammals as new potential reservoirs of ZCL in the study area.

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) gene promoter polymorphisms in Rhombomys opimus, the main reservoir of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cytokine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bakhshi ◽  
N. Borhani ◽  
M. Mohebali ◽  
A. Khamesipour ◽  
M.R. Abai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Promoter Polymorphisms ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus

scholarly journals Emerging of Cutaneous Leishmaniais due to Leishmania major in a New Focus in Esfahan Province, Central Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Jafari ◽  
Hamid Abdoli ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Arandian ◽  
Nilofar Shareghi ◽  
Maryam Ghanei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Phlebotomus Sergenti ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Near Future

Background: Esfahan Province is considered as one of the main focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Recently, ZCL distribution is expanding through this province leading to report of new cases in non-endemic areas. In the current study epidemiological aspects of ZCL has been investigated in Naein County in Esfahan Province. Methods: Adult sand flies were collected from beginning to the end of their seasonal activity. Rodents were caught by Sherman live traps once a month for one year. To active case detection, a hundred households in each selected village were visited in November and December 2016. Nested-PCR was employed to detect Leishmania parasite in the vector, reservoir and human. Results: Totally 1562 sand flies including Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus papatasi, Sergentomyia sintoni and Sergentomyia mervinae were collected and identified. No Leishmania infection was detected in the collected sand flies. All of the 30 collected rodents were identified as Rhombomys opimus, and of these 3.3% and 26.7% were infected by Leishmania major using microscopic and molecular technique respectively. Totally, 914 individuals were investigated and the ulcer and scar rates of ZCL calculated to be at 1.1 and 15.3 per 1000 population, respectively. Molecular results confirmed L. major infection in human and reservoir samples. Conclusion: It is concluded that ZCL is established in the area in low endemicity, and it is extrapolated the disease will not be a serious increasing health problem in the near future in this region.

scholarly journals An Eco-Epidemiological Study on Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein NEZAMZADEH-EZHIYEH ◽  
Hossein MIRHENDI ◽  
Reza JAFARI ◽  
Arshad VEYSI ◽  
Yavar RASSI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
North East ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background: Leishmaniasis is an expanding neglected tropical disease in the world reporting from 98 countries including Iran. This study focused on eco-epidemiological determinants of the disease following a rapid and unexpected increase of leishmaniasis incidence in a strategic residential district in North-East of Isfahan County, Iran. Methods: This study was accomplished from Apr 2012 to Jan 2014 in a strategic residential zone in North-East of Isfahan County, Esfahan, Iran. Monthly activity, parity, Leishmania infection and susceptibility tests, were determined on sand flies. Some portion of inhabitants and school children were surveyed to find active or passive cases of leishmaniasis and also wild rodents were collected to determine reservoir host. Results: Totally 5223 sand flies belonging to Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genus were collected and identified; Ph. papatasi was the dominant species and started to appear in May and disappeared in Oct. The majority of living dissected sand flies were unfed and parous. Ph. papatasi showed 4.6% Leishmania infection through direct examination and 39.54% by nested-PCR respectively. Phlebotomus papatasi was susceptible against deltametrin 0.05%. Totally 2149 people were surveyed and incidence and prevalence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis estimated as 45.39 and 314.40 per 1000 population. Rodents showed 73.91% and 80% Leishmania infection by direct examination and nested-PCR respectively. Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major has been established in this area. Rodent control operation and personal protection are highly recommended to control the disease in this focus.

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