Performance of Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) Under Protected and Open Field Conditions in Himachal Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Bhavya Bhargava ◽  
Youdh Chand Gupta ◽  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus

Comparative Economics of Tomato Cultivation under Protected versus Open-field Conditions in Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Resistant Varieties

ABSTRACT The present study pertained to the comparative economic analysis of tomato cultivation under-protected and open-field conditions in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. The study was based on primary data collected through a survey method for the agricultural year 2015-16. The farmers realized 155.34 percent higher yield of tomato under protected conditions in comparison to the open-field conditions. Moreover, the sales price received by polyhouse growers was also 50 percent higher than that of the produce from the open-fields. The gross and net returns over total and variable costs were observed as higher under protected conditions (about 283, 47 and 300 percent, respectively) in comparison to the open-field conditions, thus making it a profitable venture. Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the factors affecting the yield of tomato under both the conditions. The use of FYM was found to be the most important variable and showed a significantly positive relationship with the yield of tomato under-protected and open-field conditions. Garrett ranking technique was used to analyze the severity of constraints faced by tomato growers. The constraints were divided into five categories namely, input, financial, technical, educational, and marketing constraints. The unavailability of improved varieties and skilled labour, high cost of improved varieties, lack of awareness regarding the high yielding and resistant varieties, lack of confidence, lack of storage facilities were found to be of highest severity under the five stated constraints, respectively.

scholarly journals Application of Bio-Friendly Formulations of Chitinase-Producing Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 for Controlling Peanut Soil-Borne Diseases Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gaber Abo-Zaid ◽  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Saleh Matar ◽  
Mai Darwish ◽  
Muhammad Abdel-Gayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Cell Pellet

Of ten actinobacterial isolates, Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 exhibited the strongest suppression of Sclerotium rolfsii mycelium growth and the highest chitinase enzyme production (49.2 U L−1 min−1). The interaction between Actino 48 and S. rolfsii was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed many abnormalities, malformations, and injuries of the hypha, with large loss of S. rolfsii mycelia density and mass. Three talc-based formulations with culture broth, cell-free supernatant, and cell pellet suspension of chitinase-producing Actino 48 were characterized using SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a particle size analyzer. All formulations were evaluated as biocontrol agents for reducing damping-off, root rot, and pods rot diseases of peanut caused by S. rolfsii under greenhouse and open-field conditions. The talc-based culture broth formulation was the most effective soil treatment, which decreased the percentage of peanut diseases under greenhouse and open-field conditions during two successive seasons. The culture broth formulation showed the highest increase in the dry weight of peanut shoots, root systems, and yielded pods. The transcriptional levels of three defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-3, and POD) were elevated in the culture broth formulation treatment compared with other formulations. Subsequently, the bio-friendly talc-based culture broth formulation of chitinase-producing Actino 48 could potentially be used as a biocontrol agent for controlling peanut soil-borne diseases caused by S. rolfsii.

scholarly journals Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV): Natural occurrence and efficacy as a biological insecticide on young banana plants in greenhouse and open-field conditions on the Canary Islands

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Gabriel Fuentes ◽  
Estrella Hernández-Suárez ◽  
Oihane Simón ◽  
Trevor Williams ◽  
Primitivo Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Biological Insecticide ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites

scholarly journals Effect of different irrigation and fertilizer levels on growth, yield and cost economics of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. red lady under open field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2184-2191
Author(s):  
Vinod Godi ◽  
Mahabaleshwar Hegde ◽  
Vidya A ◽  
Thimmegouda MN ◽  
Subbarayappa CT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Conditions

Residues, dissipation, and risk assessment of spinosad in cowpea under open field conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 187 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibo Huan ◽  
Jinhui Luo ◽  
Zhi Xu ◽  
Defang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Conditions

Harvest season and some fruit quality characteristics of strawberry under protected and open field conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
A. Kandemir ◽  
D. Mısır ◽  
L. Demirsoy ◽  
D. Soysal ◽  
H. Demirsoy
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Field Conditions
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