Conservation and Cultivation of Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke: A Species with Deep Complex Morphophysiological Dormancy

The phenology of Angelica palustris seeds including maturation, germination requirements, and dormancy class, is still unknown. In opposite to the results reported from other species of Angelica, present findings showed that A. palustris produced seeds with embryo underdeveloped (the ratio between the embryo and the whole seed length was between 0.19 and 0.12) and physiologically dormant which corresponded to Morphophysiological Dormancy class. Dormancy breakdown requires a post maturation period (at least 30 days) at 18 - 20ºC for a complete embryo development, and also up to 30 days of cold stratification at 4°C. The best germination indices were obtained when fruit was removed. Germination energy (Ge) was achieved within 19 days after imbibition and was 25.8 + 0.03 and germination per cent (Gp) was achieved within 28 days and was 64.7 + 0.14. Fruit structure (lateral wings with air cavities) and physiology (essential oil production) are adaptations to facilitate seed dispersal and dormancy/germination balance.

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Dormancy cycles in Aquilegia oxysepala Trautv. et Mey. (Ranunculaceae), a species with non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-021-04951-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keliang Zhang ◽

Yusong Ji ◽

Guixian Fu ◽

Linjun Yao ◽

Huina Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Dormancy Cycles

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Taiwanese montaneSambucus chinensisseeds require warm stratification, contrasting with other congeneric temperate members

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258514000130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 217-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shun-Ying Chen ◽

Ching-Te Chien ◽

Siti N. Hidayati ◽

Jeffrey L. Walck

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Northern Latitudes ◽

Northern Hemispheric ◽

Response To Temperature ◽

Seed Characteristics

AbstractMany temperate plant genera, likeSambucus, have species with range disjunctions among North America, Europe and/or Asia. Cold stratification (sometimes in combination with warm stratification) is the primary mechanism to break seed dormancy in these species. For some of these genera showing Northern Hemispheric disjunctions, members also occur in subtropical or tropical regions, mostly confined to higher elevations where climate and vegetation differ from those in northern latitudes. We made two hypotheses concerning germination for the subtropical TaiwaneseSambucus chinensis: (1) seeds from populations exposed to warm temperatures would require warm stratification, and (2) seeds from populations exposed to cold temperatures need cold stratification. We investigated the germination (including embryo growth) of non-stratified seeds over a range of temperatures and tested the effects of cold stratification and of gibberellins GA3and GA4on germination. The amount and timing of germination among populations varied substantially in response to temperature treatments. Seeds from all populations of this species required warm temperatures for dormancy break and germination, regardless of environmental conditions. As such, the majority of seeds had non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy, which, until now, has not been reported in any members ofSambucus. The seed characteristics of the subtropicalS. chinensisare different from those of temperate members of the genus in which cold stratification is the predominate treatment to overcome dormancy.

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Morphophysiological dormancy and germination ecology in diaspores of the subtropical palm Phoenix canariensis Chabaud

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2021-0126 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lanlan He ◽

Ganesh K. Jaganathan ◽

Baolin Liu

Keyword(s):

Seed Dormancy ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Primary Root ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Early Summer ◽

Germination Ecology ◽

Phoenix Canariensis ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Cotyledonary Petiole ◽

Seed Dormancy And Germination

The timing of germination is a crucial event in a plant’s life cycle. Seed dormancy and germination mechanisms are important factors regulating seedling emergence. Since detailed experimental evidence for germination pattern of Phoenix canariensis colonizing sub-tropical climate is scarce, we investigated seed dormancy and germination ecology of P. canariensis. We found that the embryo is underdeveloped at the time of dispersal and doubles in size before the cotyledonary petiole (CP) protrudes through the operculum. The primary root and plumule emerge from the elongated CP outside the seed. In light/dark at 30/25°C, the CP emerged from 8% of the diaspores within 30 days and from 76% within 14 weeks. Thus, 8% of the diaspores have MD and the others MPD. Removal of the pericarp and operculum resulted in 100% germination within 5 days in light/dark at 30/25°C. Cold and warm stratification as well as treatment with GA3 significantly increased the germination speed, but the final germination percentage was not significantly increased. Seed germination was synchronized in early summer when seed dormancy was released by cold stratification in the soil over winter. A remote-tubular germination type and intricate root system provide an ecological advantage to the seedling establishment.

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Overcoming root dormancy and identifying the storage behaviour of Lilium polyphyllum seeds

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2018-0161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anurag Dhyani ◽

Carol C. Baskin ◽

Bhagwati Prasad Nautiyal ◽

Mohan Chandra Nautiyal

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Spring Temperature ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

The Mean ◽

Endangered Medicinal Herb

Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle is a critically endangered medicinal herb of Himalaya. Seeds have epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, and in the field a minimum of 34 weeks is required for root emergence. To date, treatments to decrease the time for root protrusion and seed storage behaviour have not been determined. We evaluated the effects of plant growth regulators and nitrogenous compounds as well as seed scarification on root emergence, and determined the storage behaviour of seeds. Root emergence at 20 °C was significantly increased by 100 ppm of indole butyric acid (IBA), KNO3, and thiourea, and by the application of NaOCl solution for 30 min. The mean germination time was significantly decreased by 50 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA3; 28 days) compared with 100 ppm GA3 (36 days). After 12 months of dry storage, the viability of seeds (TTC method) at room temperature (10–35 °C), 0–4 °C, and −20 ± 1 °C was 95%, 100%, and 100%, respectively; thus, the seeds have orthodox storage behaviour. Our recommendation for seedling production is to store the seeds at room temperature until they can be sown under warm wet conditions. Roots emerge after about 8 weeks, and then seeds should be given a 2-week cold moist treatment to break shoot dormancy. After 2 weeks of cold, transfer the seeds to warm (20 °C) spring temperature conditions to promote growth.

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Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258509301075 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Filip Vandelook ◽

Nele Bolle ◽

Jozef A. Van Assche

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Early Spring ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Temperature Requirement ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Chilling Period

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

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