First report of Neofusicoccum parvum causing stem blight and dieback of Osmanthus fragrans in China

Avocado (Persea americana L.) production for export markets has increased in Mexico during the past 10 years. The production system, however, is affected by several sanitation factors, including diseases. During the spring of 2009, smooth, black, circular spots were noted on the surface of avocado fruit. A study was conducted during the winter of 2010 to ascertain the etiology and identify the fungus associated with black spot symptoms on avocado fruit in orchards of Nuevo Parangaricutiro County (19°25′00″ and 102°07′43″) in Michoacan, Mexico. Several fungal isolates were obtained on potato dextrose agar (PDA) from the margin of lesions on immature fruit. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the rDNA from representative isolates was sequenced with universal primers ITS5 and ITS4 (2). BLAST searches in GenBank showed 100% similarity of the nucleotide sequences with Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, GenBank Accession Nos. GU188001 to GU188007 and GU187985 to GU187987. A representative nucleotide sequence of this region was deposited in GenBank under the Accession No. JN203129. Strains of N. parvum produced aerial and compact mycelium on acidified PDA, the anamorph state of Botryosphaeria parva. Mycelium was initially white, turning gradually gray to black. Conidia were one celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal to fusiform, externally smooth, thin walled, nonseptate, with one or two septa with age, and an average length and width of 14.5 (9.5 to 19) × 5.8 (4.0 to 7.2) μm (n = 100). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with six avocado fruit cv. Hass. Fruit were inoculated at three evenly spaced locations on the fruit surface, either by wounding the tissue with a needle that had been dipped in a conidial mass from an 8-day-old monoconidial culture of N. parvum strain CIAD-021-11 or by placing 5 μl of 1 × 106 conidia ml–1 suspension on each inoculation site. Inoculated fruit were maintained in a moist chamber at 25°C for 2 weeks. Black lesions appeared on all wounded sites 2 days postinoculation (dpi) and on unwounded sites 4 dpi. The delay of symptom development was likely due to penetration through the lenticels, which took longer to initiate infection. No symptoms were observed in the control fruit. The pathogen was reisolated from the lesions of all inoculated fruit, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. The results confirmed the pathogenic potential of this fungus and indicated its possible involvement in the etiology of black spot on avocado fruit. N. parvum is a cosmopolitan, plurivorous pathogen causing disease in several hosts of economic importance, such as grapes and kiwi, as well as causing stem-end rot of avocado fruit in New Zealand (1) and avocado twigs in Spain (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum causing black spots on avocado fruit in Mexico. References: (1) W. F. T. Hartill et al. N.Z.J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 30:249. 2002. (2) T. J. White et al. Page: 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Application. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (3) T. Zea-Bonilla et al. Plant Dis. 91:1052, 2007.

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First Report of Wood Canker Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Grapevine in Turkey

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-13-0726-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 568-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. S. Akgul ◽

N. G. Savas ◽

A. Eskalen

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽

Outer Bark ◽

Western Turkey ◽

Diplodia Seriata ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

First Report ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Botryosphaeriaceae Species

The Aegean region (western Turkey) is the center of table, raisin, and wine grape cultivation. During the 2012 growing season, wood canker symptoms were observed in vineyards in Manisa city. Symptoms adjacent to pruning wounds, including shoot dieback and wedge-shaped wood discolorations observed in cross section, were among the most prevalent symptoms of the vines. To identify the causal agents, symptomatic woody tissues were surface disinfested with 95% ethanol and flame-sterilized and the discolored outer bark was cut away. The internal tissues (0.5 cm2) were excised from cankers of vines and plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with tetracycline (0.01%) (PDA-tet). The most frequently isolated fungi, based on general growth pattern, speed of growth, and colony color, resembled species in the Botryosphaeriaceae family. According to morphological characteristics, four different groups have been identified based on visual discrimination. After DNA extraction, ribosomal DNA fragments (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) (2) amplified with ITS4 and ITS5 primers were sequenced and sequences were compared with those deposited in NCBI GenBank database. Four different Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were identified, including Botryosphaeria dothidea (MBAi25AG), Diplodia seriata (MBAi23AG), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (MBAi28AG), and Neofusicoccum parvum (MBAi27AG) (Accession Nos. KF182329, KF182328, KF182331, and KF182330, respectively) with species nomenclature based on Crous et al. (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions (24°C, 16/8-h day/night, 70% RH) on 1-year-old own rooted grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. Sultana Seedless seedlings using one isolate from each of the Botryosphaeriaceae species specified above. Stems of grapevine seedlings were wounded by removing bark with 4-mm cork borer and fresh mycelial plugs were inoculated into the holes and covered with Parafilm. Sterile PDA plugs were placed into the wounds of control seedlings. Five vines were inoculated per isolate. The experiment was repeated twice. After 4 months of incubation, grapevine seedlings were examined for the extent of vascular discoloration and recovery of fungal isolates. Mean lesion lengths on wood tissues were 85.3, 17.2, 13.9, and 13.1 mm for N. parvum, B. dothidea, L. theobromae, and D. seriata, and 6.3 mm for control. Each fungal isolate was successfully re-isolated from inoculated seedlings to fulfill Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multiple species in the Botryosphaeriaceae causing wood canker and dieback on grapevine in Turkey. These results are significant because Botryosphaeriaceae species are known causal agents of grapevine trunk disease worldwide (3). References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004. (3) J. R. Urbez-Torres. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50:S5, 2011.

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First Report of Branch Dieback in Mango Trees Caused by Neofusicoccum parvum in Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-16-0596-pdn ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (12) ◽

pp. 2529 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Arjona-Girona ◽

C. J. López-Herrera

Keyword(s):

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

First Report ◽

Branch Dieback

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First Report of Choanephora cucurbitarum on Crotalaria spectabilis: A Highly Aggressive Pathogen Causing a Flower and Stem Blight in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-17-1610-pdn ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

R. F. Alfenas ◽

S. M. Bonaldo ◽

R. A. S. Fernandes ◽

M. R. N. Colares

Keyword(s):

First Report ◽

Stem Blight ◽

Choanephora Cucurbitarum ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

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First report of gummy stem blight caused by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum on cantaloupe in Thailand

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1080/07060661.2018.1424038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 306-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wipornpan Nuangmek ◽

Worawoot Aiduang ◽

Nakarin Suwannarach ◽

Jaturong Kumla ◽

Saisamorn Lumyong

Keyword(s):

First Report ◽

Stem Blight ◽

Gummy Stem Blight

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First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Causing Dieback and Canker Disease on Hemp in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-20-0486-pdn ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 3075

Author(s):

C. Feng ◽

M. I. Villarroel-Zeballos ◽

P. F. Ficheux ◽

H. Zima ◽

B. D. S. Dhillon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Canker Disease ◽

First Report

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First report of leaf and twig blight of Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica) caused by Neofusicoccum parvum in Italy

Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s42161-019-00412-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 275-275

Author(s):

Giorgio Gusella ◽

Dalia Aiello ◽

Giancarlo Polizzi

Keyword(s):

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

First Report ◽

Twig Blight

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Calonectria pseudonaviculata can Cause Leaf Spot and Stem Blight of Pachysandra procumbens

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2013-0226-01-br ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 58 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. A. LaMondia ◽

D. W. Li

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

First Report ◽

Stem Blight ◽

Stem Lesion ◽

Pachysandra Procumbens

The authors' objective in this study was to determine the susceptibility of P. procumbens to C. pseudonaviculata. This is the first report of C. pseudonaviculatum causing a leaf spot and stem lesion disease on P. procumbens. Accepted for publication 14 January 2012. Published 26 February 2013.

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