Method to characterize color of biochar and its prediction with biochar yield as model property

AbstractWe develop canonical rules capable of axiomatizing all systems of multiple-conclusion rules over K4 or IPC, by extension of the method of canonical formulas by Zakharyaschev [37]. We use the framework to give an alternative proof of the known analysis of admissible rules in basic transitive logics, which additionally yields the following dichotomy: any canonical rule is either admissible in the logic, or it is equivalent to an assumption-free rule. Other applications of canonical rules include a generalization of the Blok–Esakia theorem and the theory of modal companions to systems of multiple-conclusion rules or (unitary structural global) consequence relations, and a characterization of splittings in the lattices of consequence relations over monomodal or superintuitionistic logics with the finite model property.

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On the Modal μ-Calculus Over Finite Symmetric Graphs

Mathematica Slovaca ◽

10.1515/ms-2015-0052 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Giovanna D’Agostino ◽

Giacomo Lenzi

Keyword(s):

Lower Bound ◽

Upper Bound ◽

Satisfiability Problem ◽

Finite Model ◽

Model Property ◽

Finite Model Property ◽

Symmetric Graphs ◽

Trivial Consequence

AbstractIn this paper we consider the alternation hierarchy of the modal μ-calculus over finite symmetric graphs and show that in this class the hierarchy is infinite. The μ-calculus over the symmetric class does not enjoy the finite model property, hence this result is not a trivial consequence of the strictness of the hierarchy over symmetric graphs. We also find a lower bound and an upper bound for the satisfiability problem of the μ-calculus over finite symmetric graphs.

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Finite model property for five modal calculi in the neighbourhood of $S3$.

Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic ◽

10.1305/ndjfl/1093894152 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anjan Shukla

Keyword(s):

Finite Model ◽

Model Property ◽

Finite Model Property

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On simple, weak and strong models of propositional calculi

Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society ◽

10.1017/s030500410004771x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronald Harrop

Keyword(s):

Simple Model ◽

Propositional Calculus ◽

Finite Model ◽

Model Property ◽

Finite Model Property ◽

Finite Structure ◽

Propositional Calculi ◽

Simple Models

In this paper we will be concerned primarily with weak, strong and simple models of a propositional calculus, simple models being structures of a certain type in which all provable formulae of the calculus are valid. It is shown that the finite model property defined in terms of simple models holds for all calculi. This leads to a new proof of the fact that there is no general effective method for testing, given a finite structure and a calculus, whether or not the structure is a simple model of the calculus.

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How should we model property? Thinking with my critics

Journal of Institutional Economics ◽

10.1017/s1744137417000273 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 815-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

BENITO ARRUÑADA

Keyword(s):

Property Rights ◽

Transaction Costs ◽

Main Argument ◽

Model Property ◽

Private Ordering ◽

Single Exchange ◽

Private And Public ◽

Definition Of ◽

Physical Dimensions

AbstractInspired by comments made by Allen (2017), Lueck (2017), Ménard (2017) and Smith (2017), this response clarifies and deepens the analysis in Arruñada (2017a). Its main argument is that to deal with the complexity of property we must abstract secondary elements, such as the physical dimensions of some types of assets, and focus on the interaction between transactions. This sequential-exchange framework captures the main problem of property in the current environment of impersonal markets. It also provides criteria to compare private and public ordering, as well as to organize public solutions that enable new forms of private ordering. The analysis applies the lessons in Coase (1960) to property by not only comparing realities but also maintaining his separate definition of property rights and transaction costs. However, it replaces his contractual, single-exchange, framework for one in which contracts interact, causing exchange externalities.

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On the Decidability of Intuitionistic Tense Logic without Disjunction

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.24963/ijcai.2020/249 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Liang ◽

Zhe Lin

Keyword(s):

Proof Theory ◽

Tense Logic ◽

Heyting Algebras ◽

Finite Model ◽

Algebraic Proof ◽

Model Property ◽

Algebraic Models ◽

Finite Axiomatizability ◽

Finite Model Property ◽

Modal Operators

Implicative semi-lattices (also known as Brouwerian semi-lattices) are a generalization of Heyting algebras, and have been already well studied both from a logical and an algebraic perspective. In this paper, we consider the variety ISt of the expansions of implicative semi-lattices with tense modal operators, which are algebraic models of the disjunction-free fragment of intuitionistic tense logic. Using methods from algebraic proof theory, we show that the logic of tense implicative semi-lattices has the finite model property. Combining with the finite axiomatizability of the logic, it follows that the logic is decidable.

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Small substructures and decidability issues for first-order logic with two variables

Journal of Symbolic Logic ◽

10.2178/jsl/1344862160 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 729-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Emanuel Kieroński ◽

Martin Otto

Keyword(s):

Order Logic ◽

First Order Logic ◽

Equivalence Relations ◽

Finite Model ◽

Model Property ◽

Finite Model Property ◽

First Order ◽

Surrounding Structure ◽

Small Model ◽

Exponential Size

AbstractWe study first-order logic with two variables FO2 and establish a small substructure property. Similar to the small model property for FO2 we obtain an exponential size bound on embedded substructures, relative to a fixed surrounding structure that may be infinite. We apply this technique to analyse the satisfiability problem for FO2 under constraints that require several binary relations to be interpreted as equivalence relations. With a single equivalence relation, FO2 has the finite model property and is complete for non-deterministic exponential time, just as for plain FO2. With two equivalence relations, FO2 does not have the finite model property, but is shown to be decidable via a construction of regular models that admit finite descriptions even though they may necessarily be infinite. For three or more equivalence relations, FO2 is undecidable.

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