Effect of sympathetic denervation of the pineal gland on maternal co-ordination of the circadian rhythm of α-amylase in parotid gland from young rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1121-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Bellavía ◽  
E.G. Sanz ◽  
R.V. Gallará ◽  
A. Carpentieri ◽  
N.T. Vermouth
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Young Rats

scholarly journals The interplay between mast cells, pineal gland, and circadian rhythm: Links between histamine, melatonin, and inflammatory mediators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Pham ◽  
Leonardo Baiocchi ◽  
Lindsey Kennedy ◽  
Keisaku Sato ◽  
Vik Meadows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators

Effect of Protein-Energy Malnutrition and of a Powdered Diet on the Parotid Gland and Pancreas of Young Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthea A. Johnson ◽  
Leo M. Sreebny ◽  
Cyril O. Enwonwu
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Protein Energy

scholarly journals Increase in 6-Hydroxymelatonin Excretion in Humans during Ascent to High Altitudes

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 4388-4390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwig Frisch ◽  
Franz Waldhauser ◽  
Thomas Waldhör ◽  
Andrea Müllner-Eidenböck ◽  
Pritam Neupane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Lower Altitude

Melatonin (MLT), the pineal gland hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, shows characteristic diurnal variation. Its physiological role in humans is not clear. Exposure to high altitudes may disrupt the circadian rhythm and lead to various endocrine changes. MLT in humans has not been studied under these conditions. Urinary 6-hydroxy-MLT sulfate (aMT6s) excretion was analyzed during the day (0700–2200 h) and night (2200–0700 h) phases. A cohort of 33 healthy volunteers, aged 19–65 yr, was studied during an ascent to a high altitude in the Himalayas on three occasions (at a lower altitude, at 3400 m, and after reaching maximal altitudes of 5600–6100 m). aMT6s excretion during the daytime remained unchanged during exposure to high altitudes. As expected, nocturnal values were higher than diurnal values at each point in time. However, there was a significant increase in nocturnal MLT excretion after the ascent to high altitudes. Ascent to high altitudes is associated with increased nocturnal excretion of aMT6s. The mechanism and physiological significance of this MLT increase are unclear.

Control of the circadian rhythm in serotonin content of the rat pineal gland

Life Sciences ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon H. Snyder ◽  
Mark Zweig ◽  
Julius Axelrod
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Serotonin Content ◽  
Rat Pineal Gland

scholarly journals Sympathetic denervation impairs agonist-stimulated phosphatidylinositol metabolism in rat parotid glands

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
C P Downes ◽  
M D Dibner ◽  
M R Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptor ◽  
Inositol Phospholipids ◽  
Rat Parotid Gland ◽  
Rat Parotid

Substance P, muscarinic and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists stimulated the incorporation of [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol in rat parotid gland slices. Surgical denervation of the sympathetic input to the rat parotid gland by superior cervical ganglionectomy produced marked reductions in these responses. The stimulated incorporation of radiolabelled precursors into phosphatidylinositol is a measure of its resynthesis after receptor-mediated breakdown of inositol phospholipids. We therefore examined the enzymic site of the lesion induced by sympathetic denervation using parotid gland slices labelled with either [3H]inositol or [32P]phosphate and stimulated with substance P. Receptor-activated phospholipase C attack upon [3H]inositol phospholipids was assayed by measuring the formation of [3H]inositol 1-phosphate in the presence of 10 mM-Li+ to inhibit further breakdown. It was not affected by denervation. Substance P elicited a rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and this response was reduced in the denervated gland. The second step in stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover, phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to phosphatidate was not affected by denervation. Sympathetic denervation appears to induce a specific enzymic lesion in the parotid gland that impairs receptor-stimulated resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol from phosphatidate. This change in membrane lipid metabolism may be related to a number of the effects of sympathetic denervation, such as agonist supersensitivity, reduced gland cell proliferation and induction of new surface receptors.

Enhanced effect of daytime restricted feeding on the circadian rhythm of streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (9) ◽  
pp. E1027-E1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wu ◽  
Fen ZhuGe ◽  
Lu Sun ◽  
Yinhua Ni ◽  
Ou Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Behavioral Rhythm ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

There is increasing awareness of the link between impaired circadian clocks and multiple metabolic diseases. However, the impairment of the circadian clock by type 2 diabetes has not been fully elucidated. To understand whether and how the function of circadian clock is impaired under the diabetic condition, we examined not only the expression of circadian genes in the heart and pineal gland but also the behavioral rhythm of type 2 diabetic and control rats in both the nighttime restricted feeding (NRF) and daytime restricted feeding (DRF) conditions. In the NRF condition, the circadian expression of clock genes in the heart and pineal gland was conserved in the diabetic rats, being similar to that in the control rats. DRF shifted the circadian phases of peripheral clock genes more efficiently in the diabetic rats than those in the control rats. Moreover, the activity rhythm of rats in the diabetic group was completely shifted from the dark phase to the light phase after 5 days of DRF treatment, whereas the activity rhythm of rats in the control group was still under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) after the same DRF treatment. Furthermore, the serum glucose rhythm of type 2 diabetic rats was also shifted and controlled by the external feeding schedule, ignoring the SCN rhythm. Therefore, DRF shows stronger effect on the reentrainment of circadian rhythm in the type 2 diabetic rats, suggesting that the circadian system in diabetes is unstable and more easily shifted by feeding stimuli.

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