Effects of salinity acclimation, prolactin, growth hormone, and cortisol on the mucous cells of Leptocottus armatus (Teleostei; Cottidae)

Growth hormone (GH) is involved in the parr–smolt transformation of salmonid fishes and is known to improve salinity tolerance. This study compared the capacity for seawater acclimation of GH transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)) to that of wild-type fish, allowing examination of responses to sustained (chronic) exposure to elevated GH. GH transgenic fish (GH TG) smolted 1 year in advance of wild-type salmon and showed a greater capacity to hypo-osmoregulate in seawater. As GH TG fish were much larger than the wild-type fish, a second experiment was conducted with three size-matched groups of coho salmon (a 1+-year-old wild-type group, a 1+-year-old ration-restricted GH TG group, and a 0+-year-old fully fed GH TG group). When size-matched, the effect of GH transgenesis was not as dramatic, but the feed-rationed TG1+ group exhibited smaller deviations in plasma ion and osmolality levels following seawater exposure than did the other groups, suggesting a somewhat improved hypo-osmoregulatory ability. These results support a role for GH in the development of seawater tolerance by salmonid fishes independent of fish size.

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Effects of hypophysectomy and ovine prolactin on the epithelial mucus-secreting cells of the Pacific staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus (Teleostei: Cottidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z76-187 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1604-1609 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

William S. Marshall

Keyword(s):

Mucus Secretion ◽

Mucous Cells ◽

Index Method ◽

The Pacific ◽

Ovine Prolactin ◽

Leptocottus Armatus ◽

Staghorn Sculpin

Although hypophysectomy did not affect the number of skin mucous cells of sculpins in 5% seawater (1.4‰ salinity), there were fewer mucous cells in the gills, compared with intact and sham-operated controls. Injections of ovine prolactin (10 μg/g) maintained the number of gill mucous cells of the hypophysectomized fish at levels near that of sham-operated controls. The results are discussed in relation to the possible involvement of mucus secretion in teleost osmoregulation. An index method for easily estimating the number of mucous cells in the gill is described and evaluated.

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Decision letter for "Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone‐responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus"

10.1002/cne.25017/v2/decision1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus

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Cytoplasmic Invaginations in Trophoblasts and Epithelial Cells of Rat

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006667x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 524-525

Author(s):

Iracema M. Baccarini

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Nuclear Inclusions ◽

Mucous Cells ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Cervical Epithelium ◽

Intact Membrane ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Abnormal Cells ◽

Nuclear Features

Some morphological nuclear features (invaginations) in normal and abnormal cells have been described in several electron microscopic studies. They have been referred to by others as blebs, loops, pockets, sheets, bodies, nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic invaginations. Identical appearing structures were found in cells of the uterine cervical epithelium, in trophoblasts of blastocysts and in trophoblasts of rat placenta.Methods. Uterine cervix (normal rats), rat placenta (9-10 days gestation) and blastocyst were placed in 3% glutarahdehyde for 3 hours. The tissue was washed in phosphate buffer for 24 hours, postfixed in 1%. buffered osmium tetroxide for 1-2 hours and embedded in epon araldite. Sections were double stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and viewed in E. M. Siemens 200.Observations. Nuclear invaginations were found in basal, parabasal and mucous cells of the cervix epithelium, in trophoblasts of blastocyst and in trophoblasts of placenta. An oval, round or elongated invagination contained heterogenously cytoplasm surrounded by a double intact membrane; usually several invaginations were found in the same nucleus.

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Association of pituitary adenoma with neuronal christoma: A TEM study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010016889x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 232-233

Author(s):

Eva Horvath ◽

Kalman Kovacs ◽

B. W. Scheithauer ◽

R. V. Lloyd ◽

H. S. Smyth

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Pituitary Tumor ◽

Nervous Tissue ◽

Alternative Explanation ◽

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Secretory Neurons

The association of a pituitary adenoma with nervous tissue consisting of neuron-like cells and neuropil is a rare abnormality. In the majority of cases, the pituitary tumor is a chromophobic adenoma, accompanied by acromegaly. Histology reveals widely variable proportions of endocrine and nervous tissue in alternating or intermingled patterns. The lesion is perceived as a composite one consisting of two histogenetically distinct parts. It has been suggested that the neuronal component, morphologically similar to secretory neurons of the hypothalamus, may initiate adenoma formation by releasing stimulatory substances. Immunoreactivity for growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH) in the neuronal component of some cases supported this view, whereas other findings such as consistent lack of growth hormone (GH) cell hyperplasia in the lesions called for alternative explanation.Fifteen tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and a neuronal component have been collected over a 20 yr. period. Acromegaly was present in 11 patients, was equivocal in one, and absent in 3.

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