Surface properties and micelle formation of long-chain polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.W Barry ◽  
D.I.D Eini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Phthalocyanine formation using metals in primary alcohols at room temperature

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLIFFORD C. LEZNOFF ◽  
ANNA M. D'ASCANIO ◽  
S. ZEKI YILDIZ
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Copper Powder ◽  
Reverse Micelle ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Long Chain

Lithium metal added to a solution of 4-neopentoxyphthalonitrile in 1-octanol or other long-chain primary alcohols at room temperature resulted in phthalocyanine formation at a reasonable rate in good yield, while preformed lithium 1-octanolate under the same conditions gave 2,9,16,23-tetraneopentoxyphthalocyanine, but in lower yield at a slower rate. The use of lower-molecular-weight alcohols slowly gave a phthalocyanine in lower yields. Reverse micelle formation when using long-chain alcohols is proposed as a possibility for enhanced phthalocyanine formation at room temperature. 2,9,16,23-Tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines and metallated phthalocyanines were prepared at room temperature from 4-neopentoxyphthalonitrile, 4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxyphthalonitrile, 4-[1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl]methoxyphthalonitrile and phthalonitrile using lithium 1-octanolate in 1-octanol or by the addition, to a solution of the phthalonitrile in ethanol, of calcium turnings or, to a solution of the phthalonitrile in methanol, of magnesium, zinc, iron or copper powder. The tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines produced exhibited a non-statistical distribution of regioisomers, indicating that electronic effects become important in room-temperature cyclotetramerization of phthalonitriles to phthalocyanines.

Salt effects on the surface properties of long-chain alkyl substituted crown compounds

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Lin Kuo ◽  
Kikuo Tsuchiya ◽  
Isao Ikeda ◽  
Mitsuo Okahara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Crown Compounds ◽  
Salt Effects ◽  
Long Chain

Synthesis and surface properties of N-long chain alkyl dihydroxy monoazacrown ethers

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Ikeda ◽  
Yoshihide Ozawa ◽  
Yohjl Nakatsuji ◽  
Mitsuo Okahara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Surface Properties and Micelle Formation of a Series of Alkyl Octakis (oxyethylene) Ethers in the Aqueous Solutions and Their Temperature Dependences

1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru UENO ◽  
Yosuke TAKASAWA ◽  
Yujin TABATA ◽  
Takamitsu SAWAMURA ◽  
Nobuo KAWAHASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Temperature Dependences
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