Reversal of pupal diapause in Sarcophaga argyrostoma by temperature shifts after puparium formation

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
After Puparium Formation ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
Puparium Formation ◽  
Sarcophaga Argyrostoma

scholarly journals Activation of latent ribonuclease in the fat-body of fleshfly (Sarcophaga peregrina) larvae on pupation

1981 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Aoki ◽  
S Natori
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Inhibitor Protein ◽  
After Puparium Formation ◽  
Inhibitor Complex ◽  
Puparium Formation ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

A crude extract of the fat-bodies of third-instar larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina (fleshfly) was found to contain latent RNAase (ribonuclease) consisting of RNAase and inhibitor protein that is sensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. The RNAase activity in the crude extract of fat-bodies became detectable with time after puparium formation, indicating that the inhibitor is selectively inactivated and RNAase is released from the RNAase-inhibitor complex during metamorphosis.

scholarly journals Temperature Effects on Day Old Drosophila Pupae

1962 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Milkman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
After Puparium Formation ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Puparium Formation ◽  
Elliptical Holes

Day old Drosophila pupae were subjected to a variety of closely controlled temperature shocks. Twenty-five hours after puparium formation (at 23°), temperatures from 39.5–41.5° (Q1 = 2.3) differentially disturb the formation of the posterior crossvein. Three other separate treatments disturb posterior crossvein formation: treatments in the range 36.0–37.0° at 25 hours; 37.3–37.8° at 25 hours; and 39.5–41.5° at 19 hours. Certain qualitative effects are associated with certain temperatures: elliptical holes are seen in wings of flies exposed 25 hours after puparium formation to temperatures from 37.3–37.8°. Anterior crossvein defects ensue if animals are similarly exposed to temperatures from 37.9–38.2°. Within the physiological range, animals raised at higher temperatures are more resistant to the effects of temperatures at 39.5–41.5°. An extremely rapid temperature adaptation by exposures to temperatures in the range 31–38° results in markedly greater resistance to heat shock; here resistance to production of crossvein defects increases faster than to death. The association between qualitative effects and treatment temperatures is modified by changing the temperature at which the animals spend their first day of pupal life. Summation experiments support conclusions drawn from the simpler experiments. Genetic variation and interspecific variation are discussed in the present context, as well as implications of the role of protein denaturation in the biological effects of high temperatures and further, more general experiments.

scholarly journals Synaptogenesis in the giant-fibre system of Drosophila: interaction of the giant fibre and its major motorneuronal target

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (23) ◽  
pp. 5203-5212
Author(s):  
K. Jacobs ◽  
M.G. Todman ◽  
M.J. Allen ◽  
J.A. Davies ◽  
J.P. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Dye Coupling ◽  
Electrical Synapses ◽  
Giant Fibre ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
After Puparium Formation ◽  
Puparium Formation ◽  
Giant Fibre System

The tergotrochanteral (jump) motorneuron is a major synaptic target of the Giant Fibre in Drosophila. These two neurons are major components of the fly's Giant-Fibre escape system. Our previous work has described the development of the Giant Fibre in early metamorphosis and the involvement of the shaking-B locus in the formation of its electrical synapses. In the present study, we have investigated the development of the tergotrochanteral motorneuron and its electrical synapses by transforming Drosophila with a Gal4 fusion construct containing sequences largely upstream of, but including, the shaking-B(lethal) promoter. This construct drives reporter gene expression in the tergotrochanteral motorneuron and some other neurons. Expression of green fluorescent protein in the motorneuron allows visualization of its cell body and its subsequent intracellular staining with Lucifer Yellow. These preparations provide high-resolution data on motorneuron morphogenesis during the first half of pupal development. Dye-coupling reveals onset of gap-junction formation between the tergotrochanteral motorneuron and other neurons of the Giant-Fibre System. The medial dendrite of the tergotrochanteral motorneuron becomes dye-coupled to the peripheral synapsing interneurons between 28 and 32 hours after puparium formation. Dye-coupling between tergotrochanteral motorneuron and Giant Fibre is first seen at 42 hours after puparium formation. All dye coupling is abolished in a shaking-B(neural) mutant. To investigate any interactions between the Giant Fibre and the tergotroachanteral motorneuron, we arrested the growth of the motorneuron's medial neurite by targeted expression of a constitutively active form of Dcdc42. This results in the Giant Fibre remaining stranded at the midline, unable to make its characteristic bend. We conclude that Giant Fibre morphogenesis normally relies on fasciculation with its major motorneuronal target.

scholarly journals The development of the bristles in normal and some mutant types of Drosophila melanogaster

1942 ◽  
Vol 131 (862) ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
After Puparium Formation ◽  
Puparium Formation ◽  
Tormogen Cell

This paper describes the development of the normal macro- and micro-chaetae of Drosophila , together with that of twelve mutant types. The phenotypes of twenty combinations of these genes have been studied. Each normal bristle is secreted by a single cell, the trichogen, which lies beneath a tormogen cell which secretes a socket. These bristle cells are first distinguishable in the epidermis at about 15 hr. after puparium formation, when they have already divided to form a pair, and are slightly larger than the normal epidermal cells. The secretion of the bristle proceeds most rapidly between 30 and 55 hr., during which time the bristle cells are very large and obviously highly polyploid. The socket, apparently, does not completely enclose the base of the bristle in the earliest stages. The development of the microchaetae is essentially similar to that of the macrochaetae. The actions of the twelve genes can be summarized as follows: Scute causes a primary absence of certain bristle cells, and extra-bristle-complex -41 e and hairy the presence of supernumerary groups. Split frequently causes an extra division, so that a group of four cells is formed; these may be arranged as two trichogens and two tormogens, or one trichogen and three tormogens; or the whole group may fail to reach the surface of the epithelium, when no bristle or socket is formed. Dichaete may produce an effect similar to the last-described of split , and it may also cause an extra division of the trichogen, producing a double bristle in a single socket. Hairless causes the trichogens of some bristle groups to lie level with the tormogens, and to develop like them into sockets. In Stubble the tormogens are shifted rather to one side of the trichogens, so that the bristle is less closely invested by the socket, and becomes thicker and shorter. In shaven-naked the trichogen is irregularly displaced, becoming more or less converted into a tormogen; the small bristle which may be secreted is often peculiarly fanned out at the tip, suggesting an effect of the gene on the nature of the material secreted. Spineless and morula slow down the growth of the bristle cells. Singed, forked and Bristle all affect the nature of the bristle secretion, there being some reason to suggest that the effects of Bristle and singed may be similar and different to that of forked.

Development of the Drosophila mushroom bodies: sequential generation of three distinct types of neurons from a neuroblast

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (18) ◽  
pp. 4065-4076 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lee ◽  
A. Lee ◽  
L. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mushroom Bodies ◽  
After Puparium Formation ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Drosophila Brain ◽  
Puparium Formation

The mushroom bodies (MBs) are prominent structures in the Drosophila brain that are essential for olfactory learning and memory. Characterization of the development and projection patterns of individual MB neurons will be important for elucidating their functions. Using mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (Lee, T. and Luo, L. (1999) Neuron 22, 451–461), we have positively marked the axons and dendrites of multicellular and single-cell mushroom body clones at specific developmental stages. Systematic clonal analysis demonstrates that a single mushroom body neuroblast sequentially generates at least three types of morphologically distinct neurons. Neurons projecting into the (gamma) lobe of the adult MB are born first, prior to the mid-3rd instar larval stage. Neurons projecting into the alpha' and beta' lobes are born between the mid-3rd instar larval stage and puparium formation. Finally, neurons projecting into the alpha and beta lobes are born after puparium formation. Visualization of individual MB neurons has also revealed how different neurons acquire their characteristic axon projections. During the larval stage, axons of all MB neurons bifurcate into both the dorsal and medial lobes. Shortly after puparium formation, larval MB neurons are selectively pruned according to birthdays. Degeneration of axon branches makes early-born gamma neurons retain only their main processes in the peduncle, which then project into the adult gamma lobe without bifurcation. In contrast, the basic axon projections of the later-born (alpha'/beta') larval neurons are preserved during metamorphosis. This study illustrates the cellular organization of mushroom bodies and the development of different MB neurons at the single cell level. It allows for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of mushroom body development.

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