5′-Terminal structures of poly(A)+ cytoplasmic messenger RNA and of poly(A)+ and poly(A)− heterogeneous nuclear RNA of cells of the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster

1978 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbet Levis ◽  
Sheldon Penman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Nuclear Rna

Nuclear RNA precursors in the processing pathway to MOPC 21 κ light chain messenger RNA

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Gilmore-Hebert ◽  
Randolph Wall
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Nuclear Rna

scholarly journals Large heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid has three times as many 5' caps as polyadenylic acid segments, and most caps do not enter polyribosomes.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salditt-Georgieff ◽  
M M Harpold ◽  
M C Wilson ◽  
J E Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cells ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Rapid Turnover ◽  
Polyadenylic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Unstable Molecules

The rate of synthesis in Chinese hamster cells of 5' cap structures, m7 GpppNmp, in large (greater than 700 bases) heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules is two to three times faster than the synthesis of 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid segments. As judged by presence of caps, newly synthesized polysomal messenger RNA, exclusive of messenger RNA the size of histone messenger RNA, is more than 90% in the polyadenylated category. It appears, therefore, that between half and two-thirds of the long capped heterogeneous nuclear RNA molecules do not contribute a capped polysomal derivative to the cytoplasm. There are capped, nonpolysomal, non-polyadenylated molecules with a rapid turnover rate that fractionate with the cytoplasm. These metabolically unstable molecules either could represent leakage into the cytoplasm during fractionation or could truly spend a brief time in the cytoplasm before decay.

Isolation and characterization of a mitochondrial RNA polymerase from Drosophila melanogaster

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Goldenthal ◽  
James T. Nishiura
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna Polymerase ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Cscl Gradient ◽  
Nuclear Rna

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase was solubilized from sucrose gradient isolated, DNase-treated mitochrondria of Drosophila melanogaster. The isolated mitochondria were not detectably contaminated with nuclear DNA as shown by CsCl gradient centrifugation and polylysine Kieselguhr chromatography. The detergent-solubilized RNA polymerase was sensitive to rifampicin, resistant to α-amanitin, had an apparent molecular mass of about 60 kilodaltons, and displayed a tendency to aggregate, both in crude extracts or when purified. The mitochondrial RNA polymerase could be distinguished from nuclear RNA polymerases on the basis of size, salt optima, rifampicin sensitivity, and α-amanitin resistance.

scholarly journals Nuclear RNA-protein interactions and messenger RNA processing.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Pederson
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Particles ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein

Eucaryotic messenger RNA precursors are processed in nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNP). Here recent work on the structure of hnRNP is reviewed, with emphasis on function. Detailed analysis of a specific case, the altered assembly of hnRNP in heat-shocked Drosophila and mammalian cells, leads to a general hypothesis linking hnRNP structure and messenger RNA processing.

II. Distribution of DNA base sequences - Introductory remarks: DNA and genes

1978 ◽  
Vol 283 (997) ◽  
pp. 305-307
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Code ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Base Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Rna

After the genetic code was discovered in the early 1960s, it was generally accepted that nearly all DNA in higher organisms was used to specify messenger RNA molecules at some time during their development. A small fraction could be set aside for the ribosomal and transfer RNAs and there was a problem about the rapidly turning over nuclear RNA which did not appear in the cytoplasm as message. By and large we considered that most DNA was potentially coding and the lone voices who talked of other kinds of DNA on the basis of somewhat flimsy evidence were largely ignored.

scholarly journals Interaction of the Enhancer of white-apricot with transposable element alleles at the white locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
J A Birchler ◽  
J C Hiebert
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Quantitative Change ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
White Locus ◽  
Segregating Population

Abstract The Enhancer of wa [E(wa)] mutation was shown to interact strongly with 4 of 41 tested alleles of the white (w) eye color locus. All four of the affected w alleles result from the insertion of a transposable element. E(wa) was further localized cytogenetically. The locus lies between the breakpoints of T(Y;2)L11 and T(Y;2)H137 (section 60) in 2R. The original mutation was shown to be antimorphic on the basis of its action in the presence of additional normal copies and the ability to revert the original allele to one that mimics the effect of a deficiency for the locus. The RNA transcribed from wa was analyzed from flies segregating for E(wa) and normal. The low level of normal functional messenger RNA present in white-apricot is reduced further in Enhancer homozygotes. Total copia RNA was also examined on Northern analyses from the segregating population but no quantitative change in the major copia RNA was produced by E(wa) homozygotes compared to normal.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON BETWEEN HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RNA AND POLYSOMAL MESSENGER RNA IN HELA CELLS BY RNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy Soeiro ◽  
James E. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cell ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Hybridization Reaction

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA) and mRNA from cytoplasmic polyribosomes of HeLa cells have been compared by RNA-DNA hybridization tests. 1 µg of HeLa cell DNA binds 0.05–0.10 µg of either HnRNA or mRNA. In addition, HeLa DNA that is preexposed to unlabeled HnRNA was found to have a reduced capacity to bind either HnRNA or mRNA. The results are compatible with considerable sequence similarity in the two types of RNA but, as is discussed, firm conclusions are precluded by imperfections of the hybridization reaction as presently employed.

Stability of tandem repeats in the Drosophila melanogaster Hsr-omega nuclear RNA.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C Hogan ◽  
F Slot ◽  
K L Traverse ◽  
J C Garbe ◽  
W G Bendena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
New Alleles

Abstract The Drosophila melanogaster Hsr-omega locus produces a nuclear RNA containing > 5 kb of tandem repeat sequences. These repeats are unique to Hsr-omega and show concerted evolution similar to that seen with classical satellite DNAs. In D. melanogaster the monomer is approximately 280 bp. Sequences of 19 1/2 monomers differ by 8 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD), when all pairwise comparisons are considered. Differences are single nucleotide substitutions and 1-3 nucleotide deletions/insertions. Changes appear to be randomly distributed over the repeat unit. Outer repeats do not show the decrease in monomer homogeneity that might be expected if homogeneity is maintained by recombination. However, just outside the last complete repeat at each end, there are a few fragments of sequence similar to the monomer. The sequences in these flanking regions are not those predicted for sequences decaying in the absence of recombination. Instead, the fragmentation of the sequence homology suggests that flanking regions have undergone more severe disruptions, possibly during an insertion or amplification event. Hsr-omega alleles differing in the number of repeats are detected and appear to be stable over a few thousand generations; however, both increases and decreases in repeat numbers have been observed. The new alleles appear to be as stable as their predecessors. No alleles of less than approximately 5 kb nor more than approximately 16 kb of repeats were seen in any stocks examined. The evidence that there is a limit on the minimum number of repeats is consistent with the suggestion that these repeats are important in the function of the unusual Hsr-omega nuclear RNA.

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