Bifurcations and chaos in differential systems representing the electrical activity of nerve cell membranes

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Arun V Holden
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Differential Systems

Electrical activity in insect nerve cell bodies

Life Sciences ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 605-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Kerkut ◽  
R.M. Pitman ◽  
R.J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Nerve Cell

Ethanol: Novel Actions on Nerve Cell Physiology Explain Impaired Functions

Physiology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa R. Korpi ◽  
Riikka Mäkelä ◽  
Mikko Uusi-Oukari
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Firm Basis

Molecular biological tools have revealed receptor proteins for excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters on cell membranes as targets of ethanol action. Behavioral and pharmacogenetic assays using rodent lines have supported this neurotransmitter theory of ethanol action and given a firm basis for future identification of the relevant genes and the central physiological processes vulnerable to ethanol.

The Water Balance of a Serpulid Polychaete, Mercierella Enigmatica (Fauvel)

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-370
Author(s):  
HELEN LE B. SKAER
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Inward Current

1. The electrical activity of the two types of longitudinal muscles of an osmoconforming polychaete worm, Mercierella enigmatica, have been studied in media of widely varying osmotic and ionic composition. Activity persists practically unaltered in both types of muscle cell. 2. The possible effects of osmotically induced changes in cell volume on the ionic gradients across the cell membranes are considered. It is concluded that the normal gradients are unlikely to be maintained as a result of such changes. 3. The involvement of ion pumps in the maintenance of the normal gradients across the muscle cell membranes has been studied using specific and metabolic poisons. It is evident that the persistence of electrical activity in media of altered ionic content does not depend on the sodium-potassium exchange pump. 4. The ionic basis of the overshoot of action potentials recorded from cells of the small resting potential type has been studied. It is concluded that calcium ions but not sodium ions are responsible for the inward current although there is a component of the inward current carried by some other as yet unidentified ion. 5. Alterations in the external concentrations of chloride ions are found to alter both the height of the overshoot and the length of the action potential. 6. Profound alterations in the overshoot height are produced only when the normal ratio of calcium to chloride concentration in the external medium is altered. Possible mechanisms to explain these effects are discussed. 7. It is suggested that the stability of the action potential in the muscle cells of M. enigmatica, despite large fluctuations in the salinity of the external medium, depends on the constancy of the ratios between the concentrations of the ions in the fluids bathing the cells and not on the absolute concentrations of the ions.

Disturbed Ion Gradients in Brain Anoxia

Physiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Potassium Conductance ◽  
Ion Gradients

Anoxia profundly affects brain function. If the blood flow is interrupted for a few minutes, the interstitial fluid shows a dramatic increase of potassium and lowering of sodium, chloride, and calcium concentrations, which lead to arrest of nerve conduction and synaptic transmission. These changes, however, cannot explain that consciousness is lost within seconds. This may be caused by activation of potassium conductance in nerve cell membranes.

A proposed noise mechanism in nerve cell membranes

1974 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Lundström ◽  
Douglas McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Membranes

scholarly journals Defibrillation in Models of Cardiac Muscle

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun V. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Large Pulse ◽  
Bidomain Models

The propagation of electrical activity in cardiac tissue can be modelled by reaction diffusion equations, where a tensor of diffusion coefficients represents anisotropy due to fiber orintation, and excitation is represented by high-order, stiff differential systems. The effects of external electrical stimulation, as in artifical pacemakers, or in defibrillators, requires bidomain models, in wich intra- and extracellular currents are treated separately.simplified approaches are taken to this problem to illustrate two methods of defibrillation: by a sinhle large pulse, that eliminates all propagating activity, and by a series of smaller amplitude perturbations, that drive out re-entrant sources of excitation.

Effect of Strychnine upon the Electrical Activity of an Isolated Nerve Cell

Science ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 133 (3449) ◽  
pp. 333-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Washizu ◽  
G. W. Bonewell ◽  
C. A. Terzuolo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Nerve Cell
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