The inhibitory effect of purified cobra venom factor, isolated from the venom of naja naja atra, on the in vivo immune response in galleria mellonella

ABSTRACT The immune response of insects displays many structural and functional similarities to the innate immune response of mammals. As a result of these conserved features, insects may be used for evaluating microbial virulence or for testing the in vivo efficacy and toxicity of antimicrobial compounds and results show strong similarities to those from mammals. Galleria mellonella larvae are widely used in this capacity and have the advantage of being easy to use, inexpensive to purchase and house, and being free from the ethical and legal restrictions that relate to the use of mammals in these tests. Galleria mellonella larvae may be used to assess the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of novel antimicrobial compounds. A wide range of antibacterial and antifungal therapies have been evaluated in G. mellonella larvae and results have informed subsequent experiments in mammals. While insect larvae are a convenient and reproducible model to use, care must be taken in their use to ensure accuracy of results. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive account of the use of G. mellonella larvae for assessing the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of a wide range of antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Download Full-text

Studies on immunological tolerance: inhibitory effect of a cobra venom factor

Toxicon ◽

10.1016/0041-0101(68)90039-1 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 150

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Immunological Tolerance ◽

Cobra Venom ◽

Cobra Venom Factor

Download Full-text

Isolation of Crystalline Lecithinase A (Hemolysin) from Formosan Cobra Venom (Naja Naja atra CANTOR)

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI ◽

10.1248/yakushi1947.78.5_568 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 568-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tomoji Suzuki ◽

Sadaaki Iwanaga ◽

Saju Kawachi

Keyword(s):

Cobra Venom ◽

Naja Naja ◽

Naja Atra

Download Full-text

Recent Advances in the Use of Galleria mellonella Model to Study Immune Responses against Human Pathogens

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof4040128 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 128 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Thais Pereira ◽

Patrícia de Barros ◽

Luciana Fugisaki ◽

Rodnei Rossoni ◽

Felipe Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Cellular Responses ◽

Innate Immune ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Radical Production ◽

Humoral Responses

The use of invertebrates for in vivo studies in microbiology is well established in the scientific community. Larvae of Galleria mellonella are a widely used model for studying pathogenesis, the efficacy of new antimicrobial compounds, and immune responses. The immune system of G. mellonella larvae is structurally and functionally similar to the innate immune response of mammals, which makes this model suitable for such studies. In this review, cellular responses (hemocytes activity: phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation) and humoral responses (reactions or soluble molecules released in the hemolymph as antimicrobial peptides, melanization, clotting, free radical production, and primary immunization) are discussed, highlighting the use of G. mellonella as a model of immune response to different human pathogenic microorganisms.

Download Full-text