Investigation of soy sauce treated with nitrite in the chromosomal aberration test in vitro and the micronucleus test in vivo

Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is a sedative benzodiazepine prescribed for the short-term treatment of insomnia. However, there are concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or genotoxic effects of this medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects of FNZ in hepatoma cells from Rattus norvegicus (HTC) in vitro and in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats in vivo. These effects were examined in vitro following treatment with 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 or 10 μg/mL FNZ using a micronucleus test with a cytokinesis block or in vivo using a chromosomal aberration test following treatment with 7, 15 or 30 μg/mL/kg body weight. The results showed that the benzodiazepine concentrations tested were not cytotoxic, aneugenic or clastogenic. However, considering the adverse effects of using this benzodiazepine, more studies are required.

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A Toxicological Evaluation of Germanium Sesquioxide (Organic Germanium)

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2020/6275625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Robin A. Reddeman ◽

Róbert Glávits ◽

John R. Endres ◽

Timothy S. Murbach ◽

Gábor Hirka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Micronucleus Test ◽

Germanium Dioxide ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Adverse Effect Level ◽

Dose Oral ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test

A battery of OECD- and GLP-compliant toxicological studies was performed to assess the safety of a highly purified germanium sesquioxide, an organic form of the naturally occurring, nonessential trace element germanium. Germanium dioxide and germanium lactate citrate (inorganic germaniums) have been shown to induce renal toxicity, whereas germanium sesquioxide (an organic germanium) has been shown to have a more favorable safety profile. However, past toxicity studies on germanium sesquioxide compounds have not clearly stated the purity of the tested compounds. In the studies reported herein, there was no evidence of mutagenicity in a bacterial reverse mutation test or an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test. There was no genotoxic activity observed in an in vivo mammalian micronucleus test at concentrations up to the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg bw/day. In a 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in Han:WIST rats conducted at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg bw/day by gavage, there were no mortalities, treatment-related adverse effects, or target organs identified. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was determined to be 2000 mg/kg bw/day.

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Studies for a genotoxic potential of some endogenous and exogenous sex steroids. II. communication: Examination for the induction of cytogenetic damage using the chromosomal aberration assay on human lymphocytes in vitro and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test in vivo

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis ◽

10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1996)28:2<133::aid-em10>3.0.co;2-g ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 133-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Roland Reimann ◽

Sabine Kalweit ◽

Rainer Lang

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Chromosomal Aberration ◽

Sex Steroids ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Mouse Bone Marrow ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Assay ◽

Bone Marrow Micronucleus

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An Evaluation of the Genotoxicity and Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Synthetic Curcumin

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2018/6872753 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sreenivasa Rao Damarla ◽

Rajesh Komma ◽

Upendra Bhatnagar ◽

Navin Rajesh ◽

Sadik Mohmad Abdulhamid Mulla

Keyword(s):

Micronucleus Test ◽

Repeated Dose ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Split Dose ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Adverse Effect Level ◽

Dose Oral ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test

A battery of toxicological studies was conducted in accordance with international guidelines to investigate the genotoxicity and repeated-dose oral toxicity in rats of synthetic curcumin (VEAMIN 99, >99% purity). There was no evidence of mutagenicity in a bacterial reverse mutation test, whereas an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test was positive for induction of chromosomal aberrations which is in line with results reported for natural curcumin. There was no evidence of genotoxicity in an in vivo mammalian micronucleus test. Synthetic curcumin did not cause mortality or toxic effects in a 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study at daily doses of 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (administered by gavage in a split dose). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) determined from the 90-day study was 1000 mg/kg bw/day for both male and female Wistar rats.

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Studies of the Toxicological Potential of Capsinoids: V. Genotoxicity Studies of Dihydrocapsiate

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/10915810802513536 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 59-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bruce K. Bernard ◽

Eri Watanabe ◽

Terutaka Kodama ◽

Shoji Tsubuku ◽

Akira Otabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Mutation ◽

Chromosomal Aberration ◽

Metabolic Activation ◽

Transgenic Rats ◽

Negative Results ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽

Mutation Assay ◽

Gene Mutation Assay

A series of studies was performed to evaluate the safety of dihydrocapsiate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate; CAS no. 205687-03-2). This study evaluated the potential genotoxicity of this compound using a variety of in vitro and in vivo test systems, including bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test, micronucleus test, gene mutation assay with transgenic rats, and single-cell gel (SCG) assay (Comet assay). In vitro tests (bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberration test) produced positive results in the absence of metabolic activation, but negative results in the presence of metabolic activation. The in vivo gene mutation assay (with transgenic rats) produced negative results, as did the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, which failed to induce micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Although the rat SCG assay produced statistically significant increases in the Olive tail moment and % tail DNA of the liver and intestine in the 2000 mg/kg group (compared with the negative-control group), a number of factors caused the authors to question the validity of these findings. Taken together, these results suggest that dihydrocapsiate has a low or extremely low likelihood of inducing genotoxicity.

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Genotoxic property of poly herbal formulation of annona squomosa, zingiber officinalis and triticum aestivum plant extracts by in vitro chromosomal aberration test

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1662 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 3449-3460

Author(s):

Rajesh R ◽

Jagadeesh Singh S D ◽

Channabasava R

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chromosomal Aberration ◽

Metabolic Activation ◽

Cho Cell ◽

Cellular Integrity ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽

The One

The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of polyherbal formulations by chromosomal aberration test. Cancer being the second most cause of death among all ailments even after the improvised medications needs alternative sources of treatment. Herbal sources were always among the one as prime treatment sources. Polyherbal formulations were taking the lead in medications because of their broad spectrum of activity and synergic effects. Annona squamosa, Zingiber Officinalis, and Triticum Aestivum formulation with 1:2:3 ratio has shown significant results in the definitive and confirmatory chromosome aberration assays. Indicated the test article PF3 did not induce a statistically significant increase in the percentage of cells with aberrations both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. PF3 was found non-clostagenic at a maximum dose of 15 µg/ml in the CHO cell line. Inhibition of chromosomal aberration, DNA fragmentation, and maintenance of cellular integrity may prevent the genotoxic effect. Further optimization and in vivo authenticated studies need to be proven.

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Genotoxicological Evaluation of NUTRALYS Pea Protein Isolate

ISRN Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2013/817353 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Chentouf Aouatif ◽

Ph. Looten ◽

M. V. S. Parvathi ◽

S. Raja Ganesh ◽

V. Paranthaman

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Chromosomal Aberration ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Functional Protein ◽

Pea Protein ◽

Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽

Pea Protein Isolate

NUTRALYS Pea Protein Isolate, a protein supplement, is a high-quality source of protein which is primarily emulsifying functional protein. We evaluated the genotoxic potential of NUTRALYS isolated from dry yellow pea, using three established genotoxicity tests (AMES test in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo micronucleus test) employing OECD guidelines under GLP conditions. In the bacterial reverse mutation test, NUTRALYS did not show positive responses in strains detecting point and frame shift mutations. In the chromosomal aberration test, NUTRALYS did not induce chromosome aberrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. In the bone marrow micronucleus test, NUTRALYS did not induce significant increases of micronucleated immature (polychromatic) erythrocytes in bone marrow of test animals.

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Evaluation of Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Aster glehni Leaves and Stems

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/1018101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Mi Kyung Lim ◽

Ju Yeon Kim ◽

Jeongho Jeong ◽

Eun Hye Han ◽

Sang Ho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Micronucleus Test ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Clinical Work ◽

Negative Results ◽

Animal Toxicity ◽

The Republic ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test

Aster glehni, a traditional plant on Ulleung Island in the Republic of Korea, has been recognized for its multiple medicinal properties. However, potential toxicity and safety analyses of A. glehni have not been previously investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of ethanolic extract of A. glehni leaves and stems (EAG) in terms of genotoxicity and subchronic oral animal toxicity under OECD guidelines and GLP conditions. Toxicological assessments were performed at doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg/day in a 13-week oral repeated-dose toxicity study of EAG in male and female SD rats. In addition, an Ames test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and a micronucleus test were performed. No toxicological changes in clinical signs, body weights, water and food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, clinical biochemistry, gross findings, and histopathological examinations were observed in subchronic oral animal toxicity. In addition, EAG gave negative results when evaluated using in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of EAG was considered to be 5,000 mg/kg/day, and no target organs were identified in both sexes of rats. EAG was also classified as nonmutagenic and nonclastogenic in genotoxicity testing. Collectively, these results show a lack of general toxicity and genotoxicity for EAG that supports clinical work for development as a herbal medicine.

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