Reduction of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae by three nematophagous fungi in sheep faecal cultures

1994 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Mendoza-De Gives ◽  
Victor M. Vazquez-Prats
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Infective Larvae

scholarly journals Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Silva ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza de Gives ◽  
Jair Millán-Orozco ◽  
Miguel Angel Mercado Uriostegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Fungal Antagonism

The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusinfective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the speciesDuddingtonia flagrans,Clonostachys rosea,Trichoderma esau, andArthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3ofH. contortus.D. flagrans(Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106spores and associated withT. esau,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively.T. esauproduced 7.9 × 107conidia and associated withD. flagrans,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively.A. musiformisproduced 7.3 × 109spores and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orC. roseareduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively.C. roseaproduced 7.3 × 108conidia and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orA. musiformisreduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.

scholarly journals Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa : research communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Durand ◽  
H.M. Boshoff ◽  
L.M. Michael ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Game Animals

Three hundred and eighty-four samples of leaf litter, soil, faeces from domestic and game animals, compost and aqueous cultures of infective nematode larvae contaminated with unidentified fungi were plated out on water agar, baited with pure infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, incubated and examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Duddingtonia flagrans was isolated from five samples, and 73 samples were positive for other nematophagous fungi.

scholarly journals In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi isolated from water buffalo feces and from soil in the Mexican southeastern

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Florencia Ojeda-Robertos ◽  
Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
Carlos Luna-Palomera ◽  
Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Nematophagous fungi from the feces of water buffalo and soil from southeastern Mexico were isolated, and their in vitro predatory activity against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) (HcL3) was assessed. The fungi were isolated by sprinkling soil or feces on water agar plates. Six series of 10 Petri dishes containing a 7-day-old culture of each fungus and a series without fungi as the control were prepared. Five hundred HcL3 were added to each plate. The plates were incubated at room temperature. The average of recovered HcL3 was considered to estimate the larval reduction rate. Four nematophagous fungi isolates corresponding to Arthrobotrys oligospora, var microspora (strains 4-276, 269 and 50-80) and one identified as A. oligospora,var. oligospora (isolates 48-80) were obtained from water buffalo feces. From the soil, five isolates were isolated; three corresponded to A. musiformis (Bajío, Yumca and Macuspana isolates), and two isolates were identified as A. oligospora (Comalcalco and Jalapa de Méndez isolates). The predatory activity of isolates from water buffalo feces ranged between 85.9 and 100%. Meanwhile, the fungi from the soil ranged between 55.5 and 100% (p≤0.05). The nematophagous fungi obtained could have important implications in the control of parasites of importance in the livestock industry.

Improved Methods of Obtaining Clean Larvae of Haemonchus contortus

1963 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Christie ◽  
J. E. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Mucous Coat ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Free Surface Area ◽  
Improved Methods

A pellet of sheep faeces containing eggs of Haemonchus contortus forms an adequate environment for the development of those eggs to third stage infective larvae, provided that it is kept moist. Observation shows a concentration of developing larvae on the external mucous coat of the pellet. These data suggest that optimum conditions for development would occur when pellets are separated one from another and standing on a water repellent surface, thus presenting the maximum free surface area and minimum opportunity for aggregation and hence of over crowding. The best method of recovering the infective larvae would be one that obtained larvae free from contamination without requiring them to expend energy in separating themselves from the contamination.

Studies on resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation. I. The preparation of antigens for the complement fixation test and the reactivity of the biochemical fractions of H. contortus

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Free Material

All antigen was developed to detect circulating antibodies by means of the complement fixation test in sheep infested with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. Extraction of worm material at 100°C. for 10 minutes was found to be the most satisfactory method for the preparation of antigens. Potent antigens were prepared from young adult H. contortus, from third-stage infective larvae, and from the eggs. Old mature adult H. contortus yielded antigens of low potency. No significant difference was found between the potency of antigens prepared from male and female adult H. contortus collected from the same sheep. Both adult Trichostrongylus spp. and third-stage infective larvae consistently yielded antigens of high potency. No significant difference was found in the results obtained with larval or adult H. contortus antigens, adjusted to the same potency and tested with natural H. contortus antisera. H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. absorbed the antiserum to each other. It was shown that a lipid was an essential constituent of the boiled antigen in the complement fixation reaction with natural antisera. Lipid-free antigens from H. contortus failed to react with natural antisera. The lipid was not antigenic when injected into rabbits. The carbohydrate fraction of H. contortus did not fix complement in the presence of natural antisera and was not antigenic when injected into rabbits. The lipid fraction of a variety of nematode parasites reacted with natural antisera to H. contortus infestation. Similar lipid fractions of two species of trematodes did not react with natural antisera to H. contortus infestation. Normal saline suspensions of the lipid-free material from a variety of helminths showed a greater degree of specificity when tested with artificially prepared antisera than did the lipid fractions.

scholarly journals Control of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in heifers using different isolates of nematophagous fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo da Silva ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽  
Daniel Sobreira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Baermann Method

The effect of different nematophagous fungi [Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34)] with regard to controlling infective larvae (L3) of nematodes after gastrointestinal transit in female cattle (3/4 Holstein × Zebu) was evaluated. A total of 24 pubescent female cattle were used, weighing approximately 320 kg each one. There were three treatment groups, each contained six animals that received 150 g of pellets (0.2 g of mycelium), orally in a single dose, in a sodium alginate matrix containing mycelial mass of the fungus D. flagrans (AC001 or CG722) or M. thaumasium (NF34); and one control group (without fungi). Fecal samples were collected from the animals at intervals of 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 48, and 72 hours. At the end of 17 days, the L3 not subjected to predation were recovered by means of the Baermann method. The fungal isolates tested were capable of destroying the L3 after gastrointestinal transit. It was observed that within 72 hours, the isolates AC001, CG722, and NF34 showed a higher predatory activity (81.2%, 97.3%, and 98.3%, respectively). The results justify the need for studies in the field, and over longer intervals, in order to observe the efficiency of the fungus D. flagrans, or even M. thaumasium, for environmental control over nematodes in naturally infected cattle.

Kinetics of exsheathment of infective ovine and bovine strongylid larvae in vivo and in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. HERTZBERG ◽  
U. HUWYLER ◽  
L. KOHLER ◽  
St REHBEIN ◽  
M. WANNER
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal changes of exsheathment of ovine and bovine 3rd-stage strongylid larvae in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) and to compare the results with in vivo data obtained from rumen-fistulated sheep. Infective larvae were incubated in nylon mesh bags in the sheep rumen or the RUSITEC apparatus for periods of 1, 6 and 12 h, respectively. The 12 h exsheathment rates in the rumen and the RUSITEC apparatus (in parentheses) were as follows: Haemonchus contortus: 100% (100%), Ostertagia circumcincta: 100% (76%), O. leptospicularis: 100% (100%), O. ostertagi: 53% (59%), Trichostrongylus axei: 100% (100%), T. colubriformis: 37% (36%), Cooperia curticei: 94% (76%), C. oncophora: 95% (89%), Nematodirus filicollis: 0% (N.D.), N. spathiger: 11% (15%), N. battus: 7% (5%), Oesophagostomum venulosum: 17% (9%), Chabertia ovina: 7% (2%), Dictyocaulus filaria: 1% (N.D.). Larvae of Nematodirus spp. and T. colubriformis showed a quick rise of the exsheathment rate 2 h after transfer into the abomasum. These results confirm that exsheathment generally occurs in the part of the gastrointestinal tract immediately anterior to the habitat of the adult parasite. The overall similar course of exsheathment in both systems indicates that the essential stimuli for exsheathment were generated and maintained under in vitro conditions of the artificial rumen. In both systems, the bicarbonate concentration and the pH reflected a similar status of the H2CO3/HCO buffer system, which is known to provide the essential stimuli for larval exsheathment of the abomasal species. These results give evidence that the RUSITEC system represents a valid system for studying the kinetics of exsheathment of strongylid nematodes under in vitro conditions. For 7 of the species investigated the obtained results represent the first data on larval exsheathment in vivo and in vitro.

Studies on resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation. III. The antibody response to infestation with Trichostrongylus spp.

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Immunological Reactions

In infestation of sheep with Trichostrongylus spp., both the intake of larvae and infestation with adult worms stimulated the production of antibodies. The character of the antibody response in infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. thus differed from that caused by Haemonchus contortus. Sera of sheep dying from infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. were negative to the complement fixation test. It was found that older sheep responded serologically earlier and more vigorously to infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. than did young sheep. Subsequent doses of larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. elicited a more rapid and grester serological response, even in young sheep, than an initial dose of larvae. Previous infestation with H. contortus did not result in resistance to Trichostrongylus spp., whereas previous infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. heightened the resistance of sheep to subsequent infestation with the same species. It is concluded that the relative resistance of older sheep to Trichostrongylus spp. is due, a t least in part, to an earlier immunological response which is strengthened by subsequent doses of larvae. When infective larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. were superimposed upon an existing infestation of the same species, the egg count declined ;apidly and the development of the superimposed larvae resisted Doses of infective larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. had no apparent effect on the egg counts of sheep infested with H. contortus.

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