Thyroid hydrolysis of cyclic AMP as influenced by thyroid gland activity

1971 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Bastomsky ◽  
M. Zakarija ◽  
J.M. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Thyroid Gland Activity

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Influence of dopamine on cyclic nucleotide enzymes in bovine retinal membrane fractions

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Sitaramayya ◽  
Lorraine Lombardi ◽  
Alexander Margulis
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
D2 Receptors ◽  
D1 Receptors ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
D2 Agonist ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cyclic Amp Synthesis

AbstractDopamine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in vertebrate retina. Although its pharmacological and physiological actions are well understood, the biochemical mechanisms of its signal transduction are less clear. Acting via D1 receptors, dopamine was shown to increase cyclic AMP levels in intact retina and to activate adenylate cyclase in retinal homogenates. The action via activation of D2 receptors is controversial: it was reported to decrease cyclic AMP levels in intact retina but inhibition of cyclase could not be demonstrated in retinal homogenates; also it was reported to activate rod outer segment cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase in vitro but did not decrease cyclic GMP levels in aspartate-treated retinas. We made an attempt to fractionate bovine retinal membranes and to investigate the effects of dopamine, via Dl and D2 receptors, on the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Activation of cyclic AMP synthesis was noted in all fractions, but no effects were evident on cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis or cyclic GMP synthesis in any fraction. Also, D2 agonist did not inhibit cyclic AMP synthesis. These observations suggest that D2 receptors may not be directly coupled to cyclic nucleotide metabolizing enzymes in bovine retina.

OVULATION AND THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RABBIT

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROWN-GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Disappearance Curve ◽  
Serial Measurements ◽  
Thyroid Gland Activity ◽  
Blood Radioactivity

SUMMARY Serial measurements of peripheral blood 131I content beginning 96–120 hr. after the injection of radioactive iodide in rabbits were made to study possible short-term changes in thyroid gland activity after mating. No changes in the disappearance curve of blood radioactivity were detected after matings that induced ovulation or after the injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin. A dose of 12·5 m-u. thyrotrophin intravenously produced gross changes in the blood 131I levels, and mating was shown not to modify the response to this dose of thyrotrophin. It is concluded that, when ovulation is induced by mating in this species, no change in thyrotrophin secretion occurs; this finding is in contrast to results in species that ovulate 'spontaneously'.

Role of cyclic AMP in the action of dopaminergic D2 receptors of some endocrine glands in rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahim Abu-Jayyab ◽  
Ezz-Eddin S. M. El-Denshary ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Ageel ◽  
Mohamed Rafik Dakkak
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
D2 Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Presence And Absence

Short-term and long-term effects of bromocriptine mesylate (10 mg/kg i.p.) on cyclic AMP contents of the liver and some endocrine glands have been investigated in the presence and absence of sulpiride (10 mg/kg i.p.). Results revealed that bromocriptine caused significant elevations in the cyclic AMP contents of the liver and reduction in its adrenocortical content. Bromocriptine effect on the adrenal cortex was antagonized by sulpiride, whereas its effect on the liver was not changed. Bromocriptine did not change the, cyclic AMP content in the thyroid gland or the ovary.

Seasonal Variation in Thyroid Gland Activity in Deermice.

1962 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Eleftheriou ◽  
M. X. Zarrow
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Gland Activity

Rod outer segment phosphodiesterase: Factors affecting the hydrolysis of cyclic-AMP and cyclic-GMP

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chader ◽  
R. Fletcher ◽  
M. Johnson ◽  
R. Bensinger
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rod Outer Segment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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