Extraocular Muscles: Functional Assessment in the Clinic

2010 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
S.P. Christiansen ◽  
L.K. McLoon
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.


Author(s):  
Bruce R. Pachter

Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest causes of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of neuropathic disorders to which patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible; more than one kind of neuropathy can frequently occur in the same individual. Abnormalities are also known to occur in nearly every anatomic subdivision of the eye in diabetic patients. Oculomotor palsy appears to be common in diabetes mellitus for their occurrence in isolation to suggest diabetes. Nerves to the external ocular muscles are most commonly affected, particularly the oculomotor or third cranial nerve. The third nerve palsy of diabetes is characteristic, being of sudden onset, accompanied by orbital and retro-orbital pain, often associated with complete involvement of the external ocular muscles innervated by the nerve. While the human and experimental animal literature is replete with studies on the peripheral nerves in diabetes mellitus, there is but a paucity of reported studies dealing with the oculomotor nerves and their associated extraocular muscles (EOMs).


2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Kearney ◽  
Amie Lemos ◽  
Jenna Silverman

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Ethan S. Long ◽  
Alisa B. Bahl

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Manente ◽  
James C. Maraventano ◽  
Robert H. LaRue ◽  
Lara Delmolino ◽  
Donna Sloan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Šarníková ◽  
Klára Maliňáková ◽  
Jana Fürstová ◽  
Eva Dubovská ◽  
Peter Tavel

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