Hordeum Species

Eleven species of Hordeum were tested for their reaction to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. and U. tritici (Pers.) Rostr., the causes of the embryo-infecting loose smuts of cultivated barley and wheat, respectively. The species Hordeum chilense and H. depressum were resistant, while H. euclaston, H. halophilum, H. procerum, H. pusillum, and H. stenostachys were susceptible to both fungi. Hordeum muticum was susceptible only to U. nuda, while H. arizonicum, H. lechleri, and H. roshevitzii were susceptible only to U. tritici. The susceptible species are new hosts for these pathogens. It is proposed that these results, together with those of an earlier study, indicate that U. nuda evolved from U. tritici.

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Molecular phylogeny of diploid Hordeum species and incongruence between chloroplast and nuclear datasets

Genome ◽

10.1139/g11-063 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 986-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Huan Wang ◽

Dongfa Sun ◽

Genlou Sun

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Genome Species ◽

Different Types ◽

History Of ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Hordeum Species ◽

Eurasian Species

The phylogeny of diploid Hordeum species has been studied using both chloroplast and nuclear gene sequences. However, the studies of different nuclear datasets of Hordeum species often arrived at similar conclusions, whereas the studies of different chloroplast DNA data generally resulted in inconsistent conclusions. Although the monophyly of the genus is well supported by both morphological and molecular data, the intrageneric phylogeny is still a matter of controversy. To better understand the evolutionary history of Hordeum species, two chloroplast gene loci (trnD-trnT intergenic spacer and rps16 gene) and one nuclear marker (thioreoxin-like gene (HTL)) were used to explore the phylogeny of Hordeum species. Two obviously different types of trnD-trnT sequences were observed, with an approximately 210 base pair difference between these two types: one for American species, another for Eurasian species. The trnD-trnT data generally separated the diploid Hordeum species into Eurasian and American clades, with the exception of Hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum. The rps16 data also grouped most American species together and suggested that Hordeum flexuosum has a different plastid type from the remaining American species. The nuclear gene HTL data clearly divided Hordeum species into two clades: the Xu + H genome clade and the Xa + I genome clade. Within clades, H genome species were well separated from the Xu species, and the I genome species were well separated from the Xa genome species. The incongruence between chloroplast and nuclear datasets was found and discussed.

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Distribution of a Secale cereale DNA repeat sequence among 25 Hordeum species

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-459 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

P. K. Gupta ◽

G. Fedak ◽

S. J. Molnar ◽

Roger Wheatcroft

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

Interspecific Variation ◽

Repeat Sequence ◽

Species Variation ◽

Repeated Dna ◽

Repeat Units ◽

Dna Repeat ◽

Hordeum Species

DNA of 61 accessions representing 25 Hordeum species was tested for homology to a highly repeated 120-bp sequence from Secale cereale (rye). Homology to the probe (pSC119) was detected in dot blots of all species except H. vulgare (cultivated barley) and its related species, H. agriocrithon and H. spontaneum. Hybridization patterns of Southern blots of restriction fragments demonstrated both intraspecific and interspecific variation in the organization of complex units of DNA having homology to the probe. For eight species, digestion of the DNA with BamHI gave ladder patterns characteristic of tandem arrays of 120-bp repeat units. For EcoRI, HindIII, and SacI digests, the hybridization patterns appeared to be highly conserved in the section Hordeum, except those for H. bulbosum, which were unique. A further set of patterns for these three enzymes was common among the remaining species of the genus. Thus, DNA hybridization with pSC119 generally gave patterns consistent with the current taxonomy of Hordeum species, except that H. bulbosum and H. vulgare were not shown to be closely related.Key words: Hordeum, repeated DNA sequences, pSC119, species variation.

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Crossability variation in four South American Hordeum species

Nordic Journal of Botany ◽

10.1111/j.1756-1051.1995.tb00163.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 355-364

Author(s):

Zandra Andersson

Keyword(s):

South American ◽

Hordeum Species

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Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of Hordeum marinum and H. murinum

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-491 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 629-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Ib Linde-Laursen ◽

Roland von Bothmer ◽

Niels Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Morphology ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Homologous Chromosomes ◽

C Banding ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Different Populations ◽

Pattern Polymorphism ◽

Hordeum Species

Giemsa C-banding patterns of the predominantly self-pollinating, annual species Hordeum marinum (2x, 4x) and H. murinum (2x, 4x, 6x) showed mostly very small to small bands at centromeric and telomeric positions, at one or both sides of the nucleolar constrictions, and at intercalary positions with no preferential disposition. A similar distribution of bands has been observed in other Hordeum species, suggesting that the pattern is the basic one in the genus Hordeum. Hordeum murinum, especially the hexaploid cytotype, was distinguished from H. marinum by having more numerous and more conspicuous bands, resulting in a significantly higher percentage of constitutive heterochromatin (9–17 vs. 4–8%). The differences in C-banding patterns supported by differences in chromosome morphology confirm that H. marinum and H. murinum are not closely related. Banding-pattern polymorphism was prevalent among populations but unobserved within populations. In spite of this polymorphism, banding patterns in combination with chromosome morphology identified homologous chromosomes of different populations of a taxon and indicated that the chromosome complements of the polyploids of both species comprised the genome of the related diploid as well as one or two "unidentified" genomes. This agrees with an alloploid origin of polyploids. The C-banding patterns of H. marinum ssp. marinum and H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum (2x) showed some divergence in spite of the close relationship. The C-banded karyotypes of H. murinum ssp. murinum and H. murinum ssp. leporinum (4x) were very similar, supporting conspecificity. Chromosome lengths and longest/shortest chromosome ratios were fairly similar to those previously published, supporting the conclusion that linear relationships of chromosomes are normally stable within genomes. The taxonomy of the two species is discussed.Key words: C-banding, karyotypes, Hordeum.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis in Hordeum species

Genome ◽

10.1139/g93-137 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1029-1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Juan Manuel González ◽

Esther Ferrer

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Dna Polymerase ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Fragment Pattern ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Hordeum Species

Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was performed by applying a set of 13 arbitrary 10-mer primers to 19 Hordeum species and subspecies. High levels of variation in fragment pattern were observed both within and among species with most of the primers used. Genetic similarities between accessions and species were calculated from the fragment patterns. The resulting phenograms confirmed previous relationships among the Hordeum species.Key words: random amplified polymorphic DNA, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, Hordeum.

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Encyclopedia of Genetics ◽

10.1006/rwgn.2001.1673 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 971-973

Author(s):

J.W. Snape ◽

W. Powell

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Species

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Genomic constitution and phylogenetic position of several New Zealand Triticeae species revealed by two single copy nuclear genes

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt10195 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aimee G. Oliver ◽

Kara Harnish ◽

Genlou Sun

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

North American ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Single Copy ◽

Nuclear Genes ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Genome Constitution ◽

Elymus Species ◽

New Zealand Flora ◽

Hordeum Species

Three genera of Triticeae, Elymus, Stenostachys and Australopyrum, are described in the New Zealand flora. Cytological analyses suggested that five basic genomes (St, H, Y, P and W) donated by different diploid species in different combinations exist in the genera Elymus and Stenostachys, whereas Australopyrum species contain the W genome only. Morphological and cytogenetic data suggested that the genome constitution for both E. apricus and E. multiflorus is StYW. Chloroplast DNA and ITS data supported the genome constitution of these Elymus species, but the HW genome constitution was assigned to the Stenostachys species. In this study, sequences of two single copy nuclear genes, RPB2 and DMC1, were used to confirm or refute the genome constitutions of the two Stenostachys species and the two Elymus species from New Zealand, and to analyse their phylogenetic relationships with other Elymus species. Our RPB2 and DMC1 data confirmed that the genome constitution of hexaploid E. apricus is StWY, and tetraploid S. gracilis is HW. The presence of the StW genome in hexaploid E. multiflorus, and the W genome in tetraploid S. laevis is also confirmed. No obvious St genome differentiation between New Zealand and non-New Zealand species is observed. The H genomes in the S. gracilis and S. laevis are closely related to the H genome from North American species, indicating that the H genomes in these two New Zealand species might originate from North American Hordeum species.

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Phylogeny in the genus Hordeum based on nucleotide sequences closely linked to the vrs1 locus (row number of spikelets)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g99-025 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 973-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Takao Komatsuda ◽

Ken-ichi Tanno ◽

Björn Salomon ◽

Tomas Bryngelsson ◽

Roland von Bothmer

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Dna ◽

Sister Group ◽

Single Copy ◽

Nucleotide Sequences ◽

Restriction Maps ◽

Deletion Event ◽

Single Base ◽

Genome Group ◽

The Difference ◽

Hordeum Species

The phylogenetic relationship between four basic genomes designated H, I, Xa, and Xu in the genus Hordeum was studied using a nuclear DNA sequence. The sequence, cMWG699, is single copy in the H. vulgare genome, and tightly linked to the vrs1 locus which controls two- and six-rowed spikes. DNA fragments homologous to cMWG699 were amplified from diploid Hordeum species and the nucleotide sequences were determined. A phylogeny based on both base substitutions and an insertion-deletion event showed that the H- and Xa-genome groups are positioned in one monophyletic group indicating that the Xa-genome taxa should be included in the H-genome group. The large H-genome group is highly homogeneous. The I and Xu genomes are distinctly separated from H and Xa, and form sister groups. Another phylogeny pattern based on data excluding the insertion-deletion gave a result that the Xa genome forms a sister group to the H-genome group. The difference between the H and Xa genomes was affected only by a single base insertion-deletion event, thus the H and Xa genomes are likely to be closely related. The I and Xu genomes were again distinctly separated from the H and Xa genomes.Key words: genome DNA, molecular markers, restriction maps, barley, Psathyrostachys.

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