X-ray Methods in High-Intensity Discharges and Metal-Halide Lamps

2011 ◽  
pp. 65-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Curry ◽  
Walter P. Lapatovich ◽  
Albert Henins
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps ◽  
Ray Methods

Research on the Photometry and Corrosion Characteristics of Rare Earth Iodides in Ceramic Metal Halide Lamps

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Shui Jun Shi ◽  
Ying Dong Wei ◽  
Zhen Min Zhou ◽  
Shan Duan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps

Rare earth iodides are commonly used in ceramic metal halide (CMH) lamps, a kind of high intensity discharge (HID) lamp. Rare earth metals in the discharge plasma inside the arc tube contribute to the superb performance of CMH lamps. On the other hand, however, polycrystal alumina (PCA) arc tube corrosion due to its reaction with rare earth iodides causes the deterioration of parameter maintenance, and constrains lifetime of the lamps. In this study, PCA arc tubes with specific rare earth iodides are prepared. Aging tests up to 2000 hours are conducted to evaluate the effects of single rare earth iodides on lamp performance. Also X-ray analysis shows the corrosion content of PCA arc tube by different rare earth iodides. The result shows that PCA tubes with single rare earth iodides are more corrosive than the mixture of various rare earth iodides.

Light Bleaching with Metal Halide Lamps: Effects on Naturally Aged Paper

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Verborg
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
High Intensity Light

AbstractThe paper describes the effects of light bleaching with metal halide lamps on selected chemical and mechanical properties of six different naturally aged 18th-21st century papers. Treatments included: pre-washing under ambient light, prolonged immersion in a dilute calcium hydroxide solution while kept in the dark, exposure to high-intensity light in dry condition, and immersion in a dilute calcium hydroxide solution while exposed to high-intensity light (light bleaching treatment). The effects of the treatments on the papers were evaluated by the Yellowness Index (YI), pH, tensile strength (0-span tensile test) and the degree of polymerization. All these measurements and tests were repeated after artificial thermal ageing to evaluate the treatment effects over the long term. Light bleaching proved effective in reducing the yellowing in the rag paper after treatment and after ageing, although some colour reversion was observed after ageing. Light bleaching treatment brightened the chemical woodpulp paper, but the effect was nullified after ageing due to a high degree of colour reversion. Light bleaching showed only limited brightening effects on woodpulp paper after treatment; woodpulp paper samples darkened more during ageing than the rag paper and chemical woodpulp paper. Immersion in the alkaline bath increased the pH of all papers tested in this study and exposure to light in dry condition turned out to be detrimental for the pH both after exposure and after ageing. Exposure to light in dry condition and aqueous light bleaching both caused a decrease in the tensile strength of paper samples in the short-term. Light bleaching treatment caused a decrease in the degree of polymerisation of cellulose after treatment and after ageing.

X-ray absorption of the Hg distribution in metal-halide lamps

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 025202 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nimalasuriya ◽  
X Zhu ◽  
E J Ridderhof ◽  
M Haverlag ◽  
N Denisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Halide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Tailoring the electron and hole dimensionality to achieve efficient and stable metal halide perovskite scintillators

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Tan ◽  
Jincong Pang ◽  
Guangda Niu ◽  
Jun-Hui Yuan ◽  
Kan-Hao Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Radiation Stability ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Halide Perovskite ◽  
Bonding Interaction ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Low X

Abstract Metal halide perovskites have recently been reported as excellent scintillators for X-ray detection. However, perovskite based scintillators are susceptible to moisture and oxygen atmosphere, such as the water solubility of CsPbBr3, and oxidation vulnerability of Sn2+, Cu+. The traditional metal halide scintillators (NaI: Tl, LaBr3, etc.) are also severely restricted by their high hygroscopicity. Here we report a new kind of lead free perovskite with excellent water and radiation stability, Rb2Sn1-x Te x Cl6. The equivalent doping of Te could break the in-phase bonding interaction between neighboring octahedra in Rb2SnCl6, and thus decrease the electron and hole dimensionality. The optimized Te content of 5% resulted in high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92.4%, and low X-ray detection limit of 0.7 µGyair s−1. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence could be maintained without any loss when immersing in water or after 480,000 Gy radiations, outperforming previous perovskite and traditional metal halides scintillators.

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