Prevalence and prevention of orthodontically induced dental resorption

Since 1914, when Ottolengui first described it, dentists and patients have been tormented with root resorption, an unwanted but typical sequence of orthodontic mechanotherapeutics. It has been demonstrated that among other potentially hazardous chemicals, the orthodontic equipment employed has a considerable impact on root repair. The‏‏‎ root‏‏‎ repair‏‏‎ process‏‏‎ is‏‏‎ highly‏‏‎ linked‏‏‎ to‏‏‎ periodontal‏‏‎ ligament‏‏‎ necrosis‏‏‎ damage.‏‏‎ When‏‏‎ intense‏‏‎ orthodontic‏‏‎ pressures‏‏‎ are‏‏‎ applied‏‏‎ for‏‏‎ an‏‏‎ extended‏‏‎ length‏‏‎ of‏‏‎ time‏‏‎,‏‏‎ hyalinization‏‏‎ of‏‏‎ the‏‏‎ underlying‏‏‎ periodontal‏‏‎ ligament‏‏‎ can‏‏‎ occur‏‏‎ quickly.‏‏‎ Protective‏‏‎ leukocytes‏‏‎ from‏‏‎ periodontal‏‏‎ ligament‏‏‎ capillaries‏‏‎ mix‏‏‎ quickly‏‏‎ with‏‏‎ osteoclast‏‏‎ progenitors‏‏‎ to‏‏‎ create‏‏‎ cells‏‏‎ with‏‏‎ high-density‏‏‎ genes‏‏‎ capable‏‏‎ of‏‏‎ regenerating‏‏‎ mineral‏‏‎ tissue‏‏‎.‏‏‎ External‏‏‎ apical‏‏‎ root‏‏‎ repair‏‏‎ begins‏‏‎ when‏‏‎ a‏‏‎ protective‏‏‎ layer‏‏‎ of‏‏‎ cementoblasts‏‏‎ including‏‏‎ the‏‏‎ hyalinized‏‏‎ periodontal‏‏‎ ligament,‏‏‎ dies,‏‏‎ allowing‏‏‎ odontoclasts‏‏‎ to‏‏‎ rebuild‏‏‎ cement‏‏‎ and‏‏‎ teeth.‏‏‎ Initially,‏‏‎ a‏‏‎ cemented‏‏‎ protective‏‏‎ layer‏‏‎ is‏‏‎ lost,‏‏‎ exposing‏‏‎ a‏‏‎ green‏‏‎ cement‏‏‎ surface‏‏‎ to‏‏‎ odontoclastic‏‏‎ assaults‏‏‎.‏‏‎ On the other hand, the maxillary second premolar exhibited more excellent root rates in Asians than in Caucasians. The data were taken as evidence that specific races such as Asians were less likely than longer roots to be involved in root repair or were impacted by mutant morphology. In addition, radiographic examination of intermediate IOPAR therapy can detect at-risk teeth and suggest the necessity for appropriate rest to improve performance or anatomical structure. Treatment of afflicted individuals should be continued with caution and proper use of high-intensity light while avoiding movements linked with re-screening such as ingesting.

High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces

It has been proven that visible light with a wavelength of about 405 nm exhibits an antimicrobial effect on bacteria and fungi if the irradiation doses are high enough. Hence, the question arises as to whether this violet light would also be suitable to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Therefore, a high-intensity light source was developed and applied to irradiate bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), which are employed as SARS-CoV-2 surrogates for safety reasons. Irradiation is performed in virus solutions diluted with phosphate buffered saline and on steel surfaces. Significant virus reduction by several log levels was observed both in the liquid and on the surface within half an hour with average log reduction doses of 57.5 and 96 J/cm2, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that 405 nm irradiation has an antiviral effect on coronaviruses, but special attention should be paid to the presence of photosensitizers in the virus environment in future experiments. Technically, visible violet radiation is therefore suitable for coronavirus reduction, but the required radiation doses are difficult to achieve rapidly.

FERONIA Confers Resistance to Photooxidative Stress in Arabidopsis

Plants absorb light energy required for photosynthesis, but excess light can damage plant cells. To protect themselves, plants have developed diverse signaling pathways which are activated under high-intensity light. Plant photoprotection mechanisms have been mainly investigated under conditions of extremely high amount of light; thus, it is largely unknown how plants manage photooxidative damage under moderate light intensities. In the present study, we found that FERONIA (FER) is a key protein that confers resistance to photooxidative stress in plants under moderate light intensity. FER-deficient mutants were highly susceptible to increasing light intensity and exhibited photobleaching even under moderately elevated light intensity (ML). Light-induced expression of stress genes was largely diminished by the fer-4 mutation. In addition, excitation pressure on Photosystem II was significantly increased in fer-4 mutants under ML. Consistently, reactive oxygen species, particularly singlet oxygen, accumulated in fer-4 mutants grown under ML. FER protein abundance was found to be elevated after exposure to ML, which is indirectly affected by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Altogether, our findings showed that plants require FER-mediated photoprotection to maintain their photosystems even under moderate light intensity.

Alternatif Anoda Limbah Kulit Udang dan Cangkang Telur

Indonesia hingga saat ini masih menghadapi persoalan dalam mencapai target pembangunan energi karena upaya dalam memaksimalkan pemanfaatan potensi terbarukan belum berjalan sesuai dengan perencanaan. Hal ini disebabkan karena tingginya konsumsi energi fosil belum dapat diimbangi dengan penemuan energi cadangan baru. Padahal Indonesia telah mengalami penurunan produksi energi fosil semenjak 1990-an, status sebagai negara pengimpor juga membuat ketahanan energi minyak nasional berada pada posisi yang termasuk sangat rentan. Kondisi ini akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap implementasi point ke-7 pada Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yakni energi bersih dan terjangkau, serta dapat menghambat perwujudan target pada 2030. Disisi lain, kulit udang dan cangkang telur merupakan limbah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal di masyarakat, padahal keduanya memiliki kandungan yang sangat potensial yakni CaCO3 (kalsium karbonat). Adapun limbah udang yang dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan udang sangat banyak yakni berkisar 30-40% dari berat udang. Berdasarkan data yang kami peroleh, limbah udang mengandung protein kasar sekitar 25-40%, kalsium karbonat 45-50% dan kitin 15-20%. Sedangkan cangkang telur memiliki komposisi mineral, dan tersusun atas kristal CaCO3 (98,41%), MgCO3 (0,84%) dan Ca3(PO4)2 (0,75%). Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pereaksian sederhana antara CaCO3 dengan H2O. Di dalam baterai akan terjadi reaksi kimia berupa elektron akan mengalir dari baterai menuju kabel atau kutub negatif ke kutub positif, tempat dimana reaksi kimia tersebut berlangsung. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kuantitatif dari tegangan yang ditampilkan dan dilakukan uji konduksi listrik dengan intensitas tertinggi dengan hasil terbaik adalah kombinasi 6 gram cangkang telur dan 2 gram cangkang udang dengan output 1,3 Volt dan High Intensity Light yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah cangkang udang dan cangkang telur berpotensi besar untuk menggantikan batere Anoda sebagai energi terbarukan.