Factors Affecting Salivary Sodium Concentration, NaCl Intake, and Preference Threshold and Their Interrelationships

1980 ◽  
pp. 145-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRY N. THRASHER ◽  
MELVIN J. FREGLY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preference Threshold

scholarly journals Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic Diabetic Coma — Less Sodium in Therapy?

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luen Bik To ◽  
P. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Serum Sodium Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Coma ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Serum Osmolarity

Eighteen patients with hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma were studied retrospectively to identify factors affecting prognosis and to review treatment. This condition affected older women two-thirds of whom were unrecognised diabetics. Eight (44%) died. Mortality correlated with age above 60, uraemia and hyperosmolarity, but not with the degree or rate of fall of hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia responded to rehydration and insulin, but in all patients serum osmolarity remained high for several days. In 14 patients (78%) the serum sodium concentration initially increased and in four (22 %) serum osmolarity increased. This persistence or worsening of the hyperosmolar state can be avoided without the risk of cerebal oedema by replacing the fluid and electrolyte deficits over 48 hours and using 5% dextrose for the water deficit.

Plasma volumes and hematocrits in rats with chronic sinoaortic denervation hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. H92-H95 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Neurogenic Hypertension ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Modest Reduction

Plasma volume changes were assessed in female Wistar rats with neurogenic hypertension induced by sinoaortic denervation, SAD. Tail veins of conscious, restrained rats were used for injection of Evans blue dye and for sampling into microhematocrit tubes. Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls). At 3, 6, and 13 wk, SAD mean body weight, plasma volume, and sodium concentration were similar to sham values. SAD hematocrits, however, like arterial pressures, were elevated at all postoperative times studied. In anesthetized SAD and sham rats, red blood cell (51Cr method) and plasma volumes were the same and so were hematocrits. The latter was unlike the finding in unanesthetized groups. Hematocrits from the same SAD rats were lower after induction of anesthesia than before (P less than 0.025). Thus, elevated hematocrits apparently resulted from the release of sequestered red blood cells into the circulation by unanesthetized SAD rats. In conclusion, plasma volume is within the normal range in SAD rats except for the first few postoperative days. Factors affecting volume regulation at that time are discussed.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

Factors affecting dentist participation in a state Medicaid program

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Damiano ◽  
ER Brown ◽  
JD Johnson ◽  
JP Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Factors Affecting

Speech Therapy Services in a Large School System: A Six-Year Overview

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance P. DesRoches
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Case Load ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
School Population ◽  
System A ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Selection Factors

A statistical review provides analysis of four years of speech therapy services of a suburban school system which can be used for comparison with other school system programs. Included are data on the percentages of the school population enrolled in therapy, the categories of disabilities and the number of children in each category, the sex and grade-level distribution of those in therapy, and shifts in case-load selection. Factors affecting changes in case-load profiles are identified and discussed.

Assessing the Link Between Perception and Production in Cantonese Tone Acquisition

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Pik Ki Mok ◽  
Holly Sze Ho Fung ◽  
Vivian Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tone Pair ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Production Accuracy

Purpose Previous studies showed early production precedes late perception in Cantonese tone acquisition, contrary to the general principle that perception precedes production in child language. How tone production and perception are linked in 1st language acquisition remains largely unknown. Our study revisited the acquisition of tone in Cantonese-speaking children, exploring the possible link between production and perception in 1st language acquisition. Method One hundred eleven Cantonese-speaking children aged between 2;0 and 6;0 (years;months) and 10 adolescent reference speakers participated in tone production and perception experiments. Production materials with 30 monosyllabic words were transcribed in filtered and unfiltered conditions by 2 native judges. Perception accuracy was based on a 2-alternative forced-choice task with pictures covering all possible tone pair contrasts. Results Children's accuracy of production and perception of all the 6 Cantonese tones was still not adultlike by age 6;0. Both production and perception accuracies matured with age. A weak positive link was found between the 2 accuracies. Mother's native language contributed to children's production accuracy. Conclusions Our findings show that production and perception abilities are associated in tone acquisition. Further study is needed to explore factors affecting production accuracy in children. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7960826

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