Plasma volumes and hematocrits in rats with chronic sinoaortic denervation hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. H92-H95 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Neurogenic Hypertension ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Modest Reduction

Plasma volume changes were assessed in female Wistar rats with neurogenic hypertension induced by sinoaortic denervation, SAD. Tail veins of conscious, restrained rats were used for injection of Evans blue dye and for sampling into microhematocrit tubes. Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls). At 3, 6, and 13 wk, SAD mean body weight, plasma volume, and sodium concentration were similar to sham values. SAD hematocrits, however, like arterial pressures, were elevated at all postoperative times studied. In anesthetized SAD and sham rats, red blood cell (51Cr method) and plasma volumes were the same and so were hematocrits. The latter was unlike the finding in unanesthetized groups. Hematocrits from the same SAD rats were lower after induction of anesthesia than before (P less than 0.025). Thus, elevated hematocrits apparently resulted from the release of sequestered red blood cells into the circulation by unanesthetized SAD rats. In conclusion, plasma volume is within the normal range in SAD rats except for the first few postoperative days. Factors affecting volume regulation at that time are discussed.

scholarly journals Plasma and Electrolyte Changes in Exercising Humans After Ingestion of Multiple Boluses of Pickle Juice

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. McKenney ◽  
Kevin C. Miller ◽  
James E. Deal ◽  
Julie A. Garden-Robinson ◽  
Yeong S. Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

Context: Twenty-five percent of athletic trainers administer pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Anecdotally, some clinicians provide multiple boluses of PJ during exercise but warn that repeated ingestion of PJ may cause hyperkalemia. To our knowledge, no researchers have examined the effect of ingesting multiple boluses of PJ on the same day or the effect of ingestion during exercise. Objective: To determine the short-term effects of ingesting a single bolus or multiple boluses of PJ on plasma variables and to characterize changes in plasma variables when individuals ingest PJ and resume exercise. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 180.9 ± 5.8 cm, mass = 80.7 ± 13.8 kg, urine specific gravity = 1.009 ± 0.005). Intervention(s): On 3 days, participants rested for 30 minutes, and then a blood sample was collected. Participants ingested 0 or 1 bolus (1 mL·kg−1 body weight) of PJ, donned sweat suits, biked vigorously for 30 minutes (approximate temperature = 37°C, relative humidity = 18%), and had a blood sample collected. They either rested for 60 seconds (0- and 1-bolus conditions) or ingested a second 1 mL·kg−1 body weight bolus of PJ (2-bolus condition). They resumed exercise for another 35 minutes. A third blood sample was collected, and they exited the environmental chamber and rested for 60 minutes (approximate temperature = 21°C, relative humidity = 18%). Blood samples were collected at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise. Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume. Results: The number of PJ boluses ingested did not affect plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, or changes in plasma volume over time. The plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, and plasma osmolality did not exceed 144.6 mEq·L−1 (144.6 mmol·L−1), 4.98 mEq·L−1 (4.98 mmol·L−1), and 289.5 mOsm·kg−1H2O, respectively, in any condition at any time. Conclusions: Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ and resuming exercise caused negligible changes in blood variables. Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ did not increase plasma sodium concentration or cause hyperkalemia.

Plasma volume changes with upright tilt: studies in hypertension and in syncope.

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Tarazi ◽  
H J Melsher ◽  
H P Dustan ◽  
E D Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Upright Tilt

scholarly journals Using Tobit Model for Studying Factors Affecting Blood Pressure in Patients with Renal Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Raz Muhammad H. Karim ◽  
Samira Muhamad Salh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Truncated Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Censored And Truncated Data ◽  
Program Version

In this study, the Tobit Model as a statistical regression model was used to study factors affecting blood pressure (BP) in patients with renal failure. The data have been collected from (300) patients in Shar Hospital in Sulaimani city. Those records contain BP rates per person in patients with renal failure as a response variable (Y) which is measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and explanatory variables (Age [year], blood urea measured in milligram per deciliter [mg/dl], body mass index [BMI] expressed in units of kg/m2 [kilogram meter square], and Waist circumference measured by the Centimeter [cm]). The two levels of BP; high and low were taken from the patients. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was used to find the average of both levels (high and low BP). The average BP rate of those patients equal to or >93.33 mmHg only remained in the dataset. The 93.33 mmHg is a normal range of MAP equal to 12/8 mmHg normal range of BP. The others have been censored as zero value, i.e., left censored. Furthermore, the same data were truncated from below. Then, in the truncated samples, only those cases under risk of BP (greater than or equal to BP 93.33mmHg) are recorded. The others were omitted from the dataset. Then, the Tobit Model applied on censored and truncated data using a statistical program (R program) version 3.6.1. The data censored and truncated from the left side at a point equal to zero. The result shows that factors age and blood urea have significant effects on BP, while BMI and Waist circumference factors have not to affect the dependent variable(y). Furthermore, a multiple regression model was found through ordinary least Square (OLS) analysis from the same data using the Stratigraphy program version 11. The result of (OLS) shows that multiple regression analysis is not a suitable model when we have censored and truncated data, whereas the Tobit model is a proficient technique to indicate the relationship between an explanatory variable, and truncated, or censored dependent variable.

Plasma volume changes during hypoglycaemia: the effect of autonomic blockade

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HILSTED ◽  
H. FRANDSEN ◽  
N.J. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
S.L. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Autonomic Blockade

Haemodynamic Changes Associatedc with Obesity and High Blood Pressure in Crats with Ventromedial Hypothalamic Lesions

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 397s-399s ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Reisin ◽  
D. H. Suarez ◽  
E. D. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesions ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Mild Obesity

1. The haemodynamic and plasma volume changes associated with obesity and high blood pressure were studied in nine male rats with electrolytic ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and their paired sham-operated controls. Body weight and arterial pressure were greater in the rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions (565 ± 16 vs 462 ± 14 g, P<0.001; 128 ± 3 vs 118 ± 3 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). Cardiac output was slightly elevated, and that portion of cardiac output distributed to the kidneys was reduced (P<0.001). Plasma volume was contracted in the rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions (21.0 ± 0.1 vs 2.8 ± 0.1 ml/100 g, P<0.001). 2. The haemodynamic characteristics of rats in which obesity and mild hypertension have been induced by electrolytic ventromedial hypothalamic lesion are similar to mild obesity essential hypertension in men.

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