A review of literature considers the problem of hyaline cartilage biology and repair following by injury, and surgical repair of cartilage defects. Repair techniques based on direct cartilage substitution (mosaicplasty, osteochondral allotransplantation, minced cartilage autotransplantation in gel), bone morrow stimulation techniques (abrasion, drilling, microfracture, matrix-induced chondrogenesis) were characterized in terms of biology and clinics. Most attention was addressed to cell technology and tissue engineering.
YAP and TAZ were initially described as the main regulators of organ growth during development and more recently implicated in bone biology. YAP and TAZ are regulated by mechanical and cytoskeletal cues that lead to the control of cell fate in response to the cellular microenvironment. The mechanical component represents a major signal for bone tissue adaptation and remodelling, so YAP/TAZ contributes significantly in bone and cartilage homeostasis. Recently, mice and cellular models have been developed to investigate the precise roles of YAP/TAZ in bone and cartilage cells, and which appear to be crucial. This review provides an overview of YAP/TAZ regulation and function, notably providing new insights into the role of YAP/TAZ in bone biology.
CELL TECHNOLOGIES AND TISSUE ENGINEERING IN THE TREATMENTOF ARTICULAR CHONDRAL DEFECTS
