Stomach motility and gastric emptying

Gastroparesis is a condition that affects the normal motility of muscle in the stomach and is commonly called as paralysis of stomach. Electrogastrography is the technique for measuring electrical activity of the stomach. The Electrogastrography is also used to measure the gastric mobility and various stomach disorders like tachy-gastria, brady-gastria, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, gastric tumor etc. Electrogastrogram is the graphical representation of the Electrogastrography. The Electrogastrography procedure is recommended by the physician to diagnose the dis orders in the stomach. Electrogastrography procedure is taken generally under two conditions: Fasting condition and post prandial condition. This procedure is followed strictly to measure the gastric activity and gastric emptying test. The food is propelled into the stomach and the pacemaker of the stomach fails to contract the muscles of stomach that leads to gastroparesis condition. The diabetic patients often get into the gastroparesis condition. This remains as a major factor; stomach motility is slowed down. In this paper, data acquisition system for acquiring multichannel electrogastrogram is developed and the gastric signal is acquired and analysed using MATLAB. Through the spectral analysis of gastric slow-wave, the gastroparesis condition is diagnosed. The MEGG-Multichannel Channel Electrogastrogram signal is acquired in two states: Fasting state and Postprandial state.

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UDP-glucose modulates gastric function through P2Y14 receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.90363.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 296 (4) ◽

pp. G923-G930 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Anna K. Bassil ◽

Sophie Bourdu ◽

Karen A. Townson ◽

Alan Wheeldon ◽

Emma M. Jarvie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Muscle Tension ◽

Electrical Field Stimulation ◽

P2y Receptors ◽

Nucleotide Sugar ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stomach Motility ◽

Rat Gut

P2Y receptors have been reported to modulate gastrointestinal functions. The newest family member is the nucleotide-sugar receptor P2Y14. P2ry14 mRNA was detected throughout the rat gut, with the highest level being in the forestomach. We investigated the role of the receptor in stomach motility using cognate agonists and knockout (KO) mice. In rat isolated forestomach, 100 μM UDP-glucose and 100 μM UDP-galactose both increased the baseline muscle tension (BMT) by 6.2 ± 0.6 and 1.6 ± 0.6 mN ( P < 0.05, n = 3–4), respectively, and the amplitude of contractions during electrical field stimulation (EFS) by 3.7 ± 1.7 and 4.3 ± 2.5 mN ( P < 0.05, n = 3–4), respectively. In forestomach from wild-type (WT) mice, 100 μM UDP-glucose increased the BMT by 1.0 ± 0.1 mN ( P <0.05, n = 6) but this effect was lost in the KO mice (change of −0.1 ± 0.1 mN, n = 6). The 100 μM UDP-glucose also increased the contraction amplitude during EFS in this tissue from the WT animals (0.9 ± 0.4 mN, P < 0.05, n = 6) but not from the KO mice (0.0 ± 0.2 mN, n = 6). In vivo, UDP-glucose at 2,000 mg/kg ip reduced gastric emptying in rats by 49.7% ( P < 0.05, n = 4–6) and in WT and KO mice by 56.1 and 66.2%, respectively ( P < 0.05, n = 7–10) vs. saline-treated control animals. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between WT and KO animals receiving either saline or d-glucose. These results demonstrate a novel function of the P2Y14 receptor associated with contractility in the rodent stomach that does not lead to altered gastric emptying after receptor deletion and an ability of UDP-glucose to delay gastric emptying without involving the P2Y14 receptor.

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Cholecystokinin affects gastric emptying and stomach motility in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.202.2.161 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 202 (2) ◽

pp. 161-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Olsson ◽

G. Aldman ◽

A. Larsson ◽

S. Holmgren

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Contractile Activity ◽

Control Fish ◽

Arterial Infusion ◽

Cardiac Stomach ◽

Gastric Pressure ◽

Stomach Motility ◽

Spontaneous Contractions

In this study, we describe new methods for recording gastric emptying and in vivo measurements of intragastric pressure in fish. Using these methods, we investigated the effects of the sulphated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK8) on gastric emptying and on stomach motility in vivo and in vitro. Gastric emptying of 99Tcm-labelled food was measured in swimming fish by using a gamma camera, counting consecutive 2.5 min periods for 18–42 h. After 20 h, 55.3+/−4.0 % of the labelled food remained in the stomach of the control fish (mean s.e.m., N=9). Vascular infusion of CCK8 (25 pmol kg-1 h-1) delayed gastric emptying so that 70.4+/−4.8 % of the labelled food remained in the stomach after 20 h (N=8). Gastric pressure changes in vivo were measured using a balloon surgically fitted into the cardiac or pyloric part of the stomach. In the cardiac part, intra-arterial infusion of CCK8 at 0.1 nmol kg-1 h-1 resulted in a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of rhythmic contractions, while higher doses started/increased contractions. Atropine blocked much of the basal contractile activity, but did not influence the CCK8-induced inhibition of contractile activity. The pyloric part of the stomach was unaffected by intra-arterial infusion of CCK8 or atropine. In vitro perfusion of the stomach (with a balloon placed in the cardiac part to record motility) with CCK8 at high concentrations (10(−7)mol l-1 and above) augmented the spontaneous contractions, while lower concentrations had inconsistent effects. In addition, CCK8 (10(−7) to 10(−6)mol l-1) decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions in longitudinal strip preparations, usually in combination with an increase in the resting tension. The decrease in amplitude was not affected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 10(−4)mol l-1). Depending on the concentration and experimental arrangement, CCK8 had either inhibitory or excitatory effects on the cardiac stomach, suggesting the possible presence of different types of CCK receptor. We conclude that the predominant effect of CCK8 in vivo may be a slowing down of gastric emptying, presumably coinciding with a release of bile into the duodenum.

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