Retrospective Dosimetry and Dose Reconstruction of Ionizing Radiation

Nuclear radiation and radioactive fallouts resulting from a nuclear weapon detonation or reactor accidents could result in injuries affecting multiple sensitive organs, defined as acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Rapid and early estimation of injuries to sensitive organs using markers of radiation response is critical for identifying individuals who could potentially exhibit ARS; however, there are currently no biodosimetry assays approved for human use. We developed a sensitive microRNA (miRNA)–based blood test for radiation dose reconstruction with ±0.5 Gy resolution at critical dose range. Radiation dose–dependent changes in miR-150-5p in blood were internally normalized by a miRNA, miR-23a-3p, that was nonresponsive to radiation. miR-23a-3p was not highly expressed in blood cells but was abundant in circulation and was released primarily from the lung. Our assay showed the capability for dose estimation within hours to 1 week after exposure using a drop of blood from mice. We tested this biodosimetry assay for estimation of absorbed ionizing radiation dose in mice of varying ages and after exposure to both improvised nuclear device (IND)–spectrum neutrons and gamma rays. Leukemia specimens from patients exposed to fractionated radiation showed depletion of miR-150-5p in blood. We bridged the exposure of these patients to fractionated radiation by comparing responses after fractionated versus single acute exposure in mice. Although validation in nonhuman primates is needed, this proof-of-concept study suggests the potential utility of this assay in radiation disaster management and clinical applications.

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Radiological protection. Minimum criteria for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for retrospective dosimetry of ionizing radiation

10.3403/30414306 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Epr Spectroscopy ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Retrospective Dosimetry ◽

Minimum Criteria ◽

Electron Paramagnetic

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Translocation analysis by the FISH-painting method for retrospective dose reconstruction in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation 10 years after exposure

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/s0027-5107(03)00132-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 530 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Marjori L. Camparoto ◽

Adriana T. Ramalho ◽

Adayapalam T. Natarajan ◽

Maria P. Curado ◽

Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Dose Reconstruction

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Use of everyday materials in retrospective nuclear accident dosimetry

HNPS Proceedings ◽

10.12681/hnps.1941 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

K. Stamoulis ◽

K. G. Ioannides ◽

H. Bakola ◽

C. A. Papachristodoulou ◽

L. M. Tsodoulos

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Estimate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽

Dose Reconstruction ◽

Dose Estimation ◽

Retrospective Dosimetry ◽

External Sources ◽

Household Chemicals

Following a large-scale nuclear event, a quantitative estimate of the radiation dose to the general population necessitates the availability of adequate procedures for the assessment of doses. The main objectives of dose reconstruction, namely retrospective dosimetry can be synoptically stated as in the following: a) To guide the provision of proper protection for the population that had been exposed to radiation, b) To provide assuring information to the worrying public and c) To provide input data for epidemiological studies. Amongst the methods used for dose estimation are the Thermoluminescence (TL) and the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). Methods based on TL and OSL have the advantage that they allow the measurement of the integrated absorbed dose. When the irradiation comes from external sources, materials found within the perimeter of the accident area such as bricks, tiles and pottery and certain household chemicals, can be used. The absorbed dose may be evaluated many years after the accident.

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