quantitative estimate
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2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lara Mauri ◽  
Ernesto Damiani

Large-scale adoption of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI-ML) models fed by heterogeneous, possibly untrustworthy data sources has spurred interest in estimating degradation of such models due to spurious, adversarial, or low-quality data assets. We propose a quantitative estimate of the severity of classifiers’ training set degradation: an index expressing the deformation of the convex hulls of the classes computed on a held-out dataset generated via an unsupervised technique. We show that our index is computationally light, can be calculated incrementally and complements well existing ML data assets’ quality measures. As an experimentation, we present the computation of our index on a benchmark convolutional image classifier.


Author(s):  
Samantha L. Morello ◽  
Kai-Biu Shiu ◽  
Joseph Thurston

Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare resident and intern salaries with current regional living wages as a quantitative estimate of financial strain. SAMPLE 152 residency programs and 141 internship programs listed with the Veterinary Internship and Residency Matching Program for the 2021–2022 training year. PROCEDURES Data were collected for program annual salary and location. Regional living wage for each location was determined with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Living Wage Calculator, and annual salary was compared with living wage to estimate income surplus before and after taxes. Results for programs in academia and private practice were compared. Spearman correlation was used to determine whether program annual salary was significantly associated with regional living wage. RESULTS Mean ± SD income surplus before taxes was $7,786 ± 9,426 for clinical residency programs, $16,672 ± 5,105 for laboratory animal programs, and $5,829 ± 8,119 for internships. Academic residencies and internships offered salaries significantly lower than those offered in private practice, and income surpluses before and after taxes were significantly lower for academic programs than for private practice programs. There were weak and moderate, respectively, correlations between program annual salary and regional living wage for residency (r = 0.369) and internship (r = 0.570) programs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Postgraduate training prolongs financial instability, and annual salaries generally do not meet the minimum income standard of a living wage. Financial stress has implications for mental health and diversity, and these findings invite deeper consideration of current remuneration practices for veterinary residents and interns.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-789
Author(s):  
K. Bozkurt ◽  
M.L. Limmam ◽  
A. Aral

Difference of exponential type Szász and Szász-Kantorovich operators is obtained. Similar estimates are given for higher order $\mu$-derivatives of the Szász operators and the Szász-Kantorovich type operators acting on the same order $\mu$-derivative of the function. These differences are given in quantitative form using first modulus of continuity. Convergence in variation of the operators in the space of functions with bounded variation with respect to the variation seminorm is obtained. The results propose a general framework covering the results provided by previous literature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Erikawa ◽  
Nobuaki Yasuo ◽  
Masakazu Sekijima

AbstractThe hit-to-lead process makes the physicochemical properties of the hit molecules that show the desired type of activity obtained in the screening assay more drug-like. Deep learning-based molecular generative models are expected to contribute to the hit-to-lead process. The simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES), which is a string of alphanumeric characters representing the chemical structure of a molecule, is one of the most commonly used representations of molecules, and molecular generative models based on SMILES have achieved significant success. However, in contrast to molecular graphs, during the process of generation, SMILES are not considered as valid SMILES. Further, it is quite difficult to generate molecules starting from a certain molecule, thus making it difficult to apply SMILES to the hit-to-lead process. In this study, we have developed a SMILES-based generative model that can be generated starting from a certain molecule. This method generates partial SMILES and inserts it into the original SMILES using Monte Carlo Tree Search and a Recurrent Neural Network. We validated our method using a molecule dataset obtained from the ZINC database and successfully generated molecules that were both well optimized for the objectives of the quantitative estimate of drug-likeness (QED) and penalized octanol-water partition coefficient (PLogP) optimization. The source code is available at https://github.com/sekijima-lab/mermaid.


Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Raphael Paul ◽  
Abdellah Khodja ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Karl Heinz Hoffmann

Vuilleumier refrigerators are a special type of heat-driven cooling machines. Essentially, they operate by using heat from a hot bath to pump heat from a cold bath to an environment at intermediate temperatures. In addition, some external energy in the form of electricity can be used as an auxiliary driving mechanism. Such refrigerators are, for example, advantageous in situations where waste heat is available and cooling power is needed. Here, the question of how the performance of Vuilleumier refrigerators can be improved is addressed with a particular focus on the piston motion and thus the thermodynamic cycle of the refrigerator. In order to obtain a quantitative estimate of the possible cooling power gain, a special class of piston movements (the AS motion class explained below) is used, which was already used successfully in the context of Stirling engines. We find improvements of the cooling power of more than 15%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Feng Chen ◽  
Zhi-Bo Huang

AbstractIn this paper, we give the characteristic estimation of a meromorphic function f with the differential polynomials $f^{l}(f^{(k)})^{n}$ f l ( f ( k ) ) n and obtain that $$\begin{aligned} T(r,f)\leq M\overline{N} \biggl(r,\frac{1}{f^{l}(f^{(k)})^{n}-a} \biggr)+S(r,f) \end{aligned}$$ T ( r , f ) ≤ M N ‾ ( r , 1 f l ( f ( k ) ) n − a ) + S ( r , f ) holds for $M=\min \{\frac{1}{l-2},6\}$ M = min { 1 l − 2 , 6 } , integers $l(\geq 2)$ l ( ≥ 2 ) , $n(\geq 1)$ n ( ≥ 1 ) , $k(\geq 1)$ k ( ≥ 1 ) , and a non-zero constant a. This quantitative estimate is an interesting and complete extension of earlier results. The value distribution of a differential monomial of meromorphic functions is also investigated.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Carlo Cattani ◽  
Çíğdem Atakut ◽  
Özge Özalp Güller ◽  
Seda Karateke

The aim of this work is to consider bicomplex Bernstein polynomials attached to analytic functions on a compact C2-disk and to present some approximation properties extending known approximation results for the complex Bernstein polynomials. Furthermore, we obtain and present quantitative estimate inequalities and the Voronovskaja-type result for analytic functions by bicomplex Bernstein polynomials.


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Acu ◽  
Gancho Tachev

In this paper, we construct a new variant of the classical Szász–Mirakyan operators, Mn, which fixes the functions 1 and eax,x≥0,a∈R. For these operators, we provide a quantitative Voronovskaya-type result. The uniform weighted convergence of Mn and a direct quantitative estimate are obtained. The symmetry of the properties of the classical Szász–Mirakyan operator and of the properties of the new sequence is investigated. Our results improve and extend similar ones on this topic, established in the last decade by many authors.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dawood ◽  
John C. Snyder

The presence of 7-epi zingiberene in wild tomatoes has been associated with arthropod resistance. Consequently, tomato breeders are attempting to introgress 7-epi zingiberene from wild to cultivated tomato requiring quantification of zingiberene. 7-Epi zingiberene likely absorbs UV light due to its conjugated double bonds and others have claimed that measurement of absorbance at 270 nm of tomato leaflet washes can be used to quantify zingiberene. However, this claim has never been critically evaluated. We initially evaluated this claim in an interspecific hybrid tomato generation that was segregating widely for zingiberene. Results indicated that the method does not obey the Beer–Lambert law. Consequently, we examined in detail aspects of the UV-absorbance of isolated zingiberenoids and leaflet washes obtained from parents and interspecific generations that were segregating for 7-epi zingiberene. Results indicated that isolated zingiberenoids, as well as leaflet washes containing zingiberenoids, have broad absorbance spectra with a λmax of 264 nm. For isolated zingiberenoids, the relationship between abundance and absorbance at 264 nm did obey the Beer–Lambert law. Average absorbance spectra for leaflet washes from interspecific generation plants showed subtle λmax shifts. Furthermore, the relationship between absorbance at 264 nm and zingiberenoid content of these generations did not obey the Beer–Lambert law. The use of multiple wavelengths for estimation of zingiberenoids in these breeding generations was explored and the inclusion of additional absorbances at one or two wavelengths always improved estimates. However, identified wavelength(s) differed among generations. Taken together, the results indicate that measurement of absorbance of tomato leaflet washes at a single wavelength is not a reliable quantitative estimate of zingiberenoids in leaflet washes. Estimates can be improved by utilizing absorbance at multiple wavelengths, but the particular wavelengths will vary among generations. Lastly, measurement of absorbance may be useful for identifying those relatively rare individuals in a generation that is widely segregating for zingiberenoid content. However, even in this situation, the determination of the actual 7-epi zingiberene content would need to be backstopped by a valid quantitative method.


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